Capital market instruments refer to the financial instruments that are traded in the capital market, which is a market for long-term investments. These instruments are used by individuals, corporations, and governments to raise capital for various purposes such as expansion, investment, and infrastructure development. There are several types of capital market instruments, and the correct answer is option 'E', which includes all of the following:

a) Securities: Securities are financial instruments that represent ownership or debt obligations of an entity. They can be traded in the capital market and include stocks, bonds, and derivatives. Securities provide investors with an opportunity to earn a return on their investment and participate in the growth of the issuing entity.

b) Debentures: Debentures are a type of debt instrument issued by corporations or governments to raise long-term capital. They are typically unsecured and carry a fixed rate of interest. Debenture holders are creditors of the issuing entity and have a claim on its assets in case of default.

c) Bonds: Bonds are similar to debentures but can be issued by governments, municipalities, corporations, and other entities. They are debt instruments that pay a fixed rate of interest over a specified period of time. Bonds are considered safer investments compared to stocks and provide a steady income stream to investors.

d) Equity Shares: Equity shares, also known as common shares or ordinary shares, represent ownership in a corporation. They give shareholders voting rights and the opportunity to participate in the company's profits through dividends. Equity shares are traded in the capital market and their value can fluctuate based on market conditions and the performance of the issuing company.

e) All the above: The correct answer is option 'E' because all of the above-mentioned instruments are traded in the capital market and play a crucial role in raising capital for various entities. These instruments provide opportunities for investors to diversify their portfolios and earn returns on their investments.

In conclusion, capital market instruments include securities, debentures, bonds, and equity shares. These instruments are used by entities to raise long-term capital and are traded in the capital market. Investors can participate in the capital market and earn returns on their investments by investing in these instruments.