Resource smoothing is a project management technique that involves adjusting the allocation and utilization of resources to minimize fluctuations or variations in their usage. This technique aims to create a more balanced and consistent resource utilization pattern throughout the project duration.

**Explanation:**

Resource smoothing is commonly used in project management to ensure an efficient and optimal use of resources while also minimizing the risk of resource shortages or overages. This technique involves adjusting the allocation and utilization of resources in such a way that the variations or fluctuations in their usage are minimized. By doing so, project managers can achieve a more even and consistent resource utilization pattern, which can help in reducing costs, improving project efficiency, and enhancing overall project performance.

The correct answer, option 'C', states that resource smoothing involves the adjustment of resources to have the least variations. This means that the technique focuses on minimizing the peaks and valleys in the utilization of resources, ensuring a more consistent and balanced distribution of resources throughout the project.

**Advantages of Resource Smoothing:**

Resource smoothing offers several advantages in project management. Some of the key benefits include:

1. Optimization and economical utilization of resources: By smoothing out the variations in resource utilization, project managers can ensure that resources are used optimally and economically. This helps in reducing unnecessary resource usage, minimizing waste, and improving cost-effectiveness.

2. Better resource allocation: Resource smoothing helps in identifying and addressing potential resource shortages or overages in advance. By adjusting the allocation of resources, project managers can ensure that each resource is utilized efficiently and effectively, maximizing productivity and minimizing idle time.

3. Improved project scheduling: Smoothing out resource usage variations allows for better project scheduling and planning. By having a more predictable and consistent resource utilization pattern, project managers can create more accurate and reliable project schedules, which can help in meeting project deadlines and milestones.

4. Enhanced project performance: Resource smoothing can contribute to overall project performance improvement. By preventing resource shortages or overages and maintaining a balanced resource utilization pattern, project managers can reduce the risk of delays, bottlenecks, and disruptions, leading to a smoother and more successful project execution.

In conclusion, resource smoothing involves adjusting the allocation and utilization of resources to minimize variations in their usage. This technique aims to optimize resource utilization, improve project scheduling, and enhance overall project performance. By implementing resource smoothing, project managers can achieve a more balanced and consistent distribution of resources, leading to improved project efficiency and cost-effectiveness.