The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using a data structure called ________.a)User control blockb)Memory control blockc)File control blockd)Process control blockCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? - EduRev Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Question

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The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using a data structure called ________.

a)
User control block
b)
Memory control block
c)
File control block
d)
Process control block

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using...

Process Control Block (PCB)
The Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by the kernel to keep track of the state of each executing program. It contains vital information about a process, allowing the operating system to manage and control the execution of processes efficiently.

Contents of PCB
- Process ID: Unique identifier for each process
- Program Counter: Contains the address of the next instruction to be executed
- CPU Registers: Stores the values of CPU registers during context switches
- CPU Scheduling Information: Contains process priority, scheduling status, etc.
- Memory Management Information: Includes information about memory allocation and usage
- I/O Status Information: Keeps track of I/O devices allocated to the process
- Accounting Information: Records CPU usage, time limits, etc.

Importance of PCB
- Context Switching: PCB allows the kernel to save and restore the state of a process during context switches.
- Process Scheduling: Helps in determining which process to execute next based on scheduling algorithms.
- Resource Management: Manages resources such as memory, CPU, and I/O devices efficiently.
- Interprocess Communication: Facilitates communication between processes by storing necessary information.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Process Control Block is a crucial data structure used by the kernel to manage processes effectively in an operating system. It plays a vital role in process management, resource allocation, scheduling, and communication between processes.

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The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using...

The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using a data structure called process control block.
Each process contains the process control block. PCB is the data structure used by the operating system. Operating system groups all the information that needs about a particular process.
STEPS :

An identifier is assigned to a new process.
Memory space is allocated for the process which includes program, data, stack, and PCB.
PCB is placed in the appropriate queue.
Other OS modules are notified about new processes i.e. create or expand other data structures to accommodate info about the new process.

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The kernel keeps track of the state of each executing program by using a data structure called ________.a)User control blockb)Memory control blockc)File control blockd)Process control blockCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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