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Formulas of Electricity Chapter Class 10

There are several important formulas in the Electricity chapter of Class 10 Physics. These formulas help us understand and calculate various aspects related to electric current, resistance, voltage, power, and energy. Let's explore these formulas in detail:

1. Ohm's Law:
Ohm's Law is a fundamental law that relates current, voltage, and resistance in an electric circuit. It can be expressed as:
V = I * R
where V is the voltage (in volts), I is the current (in amperes), and R is the resistance (in ohms).

2. Power:
Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred in an electric circuit. The formula for power is:
P = V * I
where P is the power (in watts), V is the voltage (in volts), and I is the current (in amperes).

3. Energy:
The electrical energy consumed by a device can be calculated using the formula:
E = P * t
where E is the energy consumed (in joules), P is the power (in watts), and t is the time (in seconds) for which the device operates.

4. Series Circuit:
In a series circuit, where resistors are connected in a series, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances:
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
where Rt is the total resistance and R1, R2, R3, etc., are the individual resistances in the circuit.

5. Parallel Circuit:
In a parallel circuit, where resistors are connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances:
1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
where Rt is the total resistance and R1, R2, R3, etc., are the individual resistances in the circuit.

6. Equivalent Resistance:
If resistors are combined in a series-parallel combination, the equivalent resistance can be calculated using a combination of series and parallel resistance formulas.

7. Resistivity:
The resistivity of a material is a measure of its resistance to the flow of electric current. It can be calculated using the formula:
R = (ρ * L) / A
where R is the resistance (in ohms), ρ (rho) is the resistivity (in ohm-meter), L is the length of the conductor (in meters), and A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor (in square meters).

These are some of the key formulas in the Electricity chapter of Class 10. Understanding and applying these formulas will help in solving numerical problems and gaining a deeper understanding of electric circuits.