Explanation:

The Bhimbetka paintings are prehistoric rock paintings that were discovered in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh, India. These paintings are estimated to be around 30,000 years old and depict various aspects of early human life, including hunting scenes, animal figures, and human figures engaged in daily activities.

The substance that was likely used to make the paint for the Bhimbetka paintings is believed to be gum or resin from trees.

Use of Gum or Resin:

1. Preservation: Gum or resin from trees has adhesive properties that would have allowed the paint to adhere to the rock surface for a long period of time. This would have helped in preserving the paintings for thousands of years.

2. Availability: Gum or resin from trees would have been readily available in the natural environment surrounding the Bhimbetka rock shelters. Early humans would have been able to collect and use this substance for their painting activities.

3. Binding Agent: Gum or resin can act as a binding agent, helping to hold the pigments together and adhere to the rock surface. This would have ensured that the paint remained intact and did not easily fade or wash away.

4. Waterproofing: Gum or resin has waterproofing properties, which would have protected the paintings from moisture and weathering. This would have contributed to the long-lasting nature of the Bhimbetka paintings.

5. Pigment Suspension: Gum or resin can also act as a medium for suspending pigments, allowing them to be easily applied to the rock surface. This would have facilitated the creation of detailed and vibrant paintings.

In conclusion, the use of gum or resin from trees as the paint medium for the Bhimbetka paintings was likely due to its adhesive properties, availability in the natural environment, binding capabilities, waterproofing properties, and ability to suspend pigments. These characteristics would have contributed to the preservation and longevity of these ancient rock paintings.