Introduction:
Direct and indirect speech are two different ways of reporting what someone has said. Both have their own purposes and uses in communication.

Purpose of direct speech:
Direct speech is used to quote someone's exact words. It is used to convey the original message and tone of the speaker. The purpose of using direct speech includes:

1. Accurate representation: Direct speech allows us to accurately represent what someone has said, using their exact words. It helps in conveying the message as it was originally spoken, without any changes or interpretations.

2. Credibility: Direct speech adds credibility to the reported information. By presenting the words of the speaker directly, it provides evidence and proof of what was said, especially in situations where the speaker's words are important or influential.

3. Emphasis and impact: Direct speech can be used to emphasize certain words or phrases used by the speaker. It helps in capturing the tone, emotions, and intentions behind the words. This can be particularly effective in storytelling, speeches, or dialogue in literature.

Purpose of indirect speech:
Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is used to convey someone's words in a paraphrased or summarized form. The purpose of using indirect speech includes:

1. Providing information: Indirect speech is commonly used in everyday conversations, news reports, and interviews to convey the information shared by someone. It allows the reporter to summarize or rephrase the original speech, making it easier to communicate the message concisely.

2. Objective reporting: Indirect speech helps in maintaining objectivity by presenting the information without the influence of the speaker's tone or emotions. It allows the reporter to present the facts in a neutral and unbiased manner.

3. Integration with the narrative: In written texts such as stories, novels, or articles, indirect speech is often used to integrate the reported speech smoothly into the narrative. It helps in maintaining the flow of the story and avoids unnecessary disruptions caused by direct quotations.

Conclusion:
The purpose of direct and indirect speech is primarily to communicate information to others. While direct speech provides an accurate representation of someone's words and adds credibility and impact, indirect speech allows for summarizing and reporting information objectively, without the influence of the speaker's tone or emotions. Both forms of speech have their unique uses and play important roles in effective communication.