Difference between State and Nation

Introduction:
State and Nation are two distinct concepts in political science. While they are often used interchangeably, they have different meanings and characteristics. In this analysis, we will explore the differences between the State and Nation.

1. Essential Elements:
- State: A State is a political entity that possesses sovereignty over a defined territory. It has four essential elements: population, territory, government, and sovereignty.
- Nation: A Nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, language, history, and identity. It does not have specific essential elements like the State.

2. Idea of Oneness:
- State: The idea of oneness is not an essential element of the State. A State can consist of diverse populations with different cultural backgrounds, languages, or religions.
- Nation: The idea of oneness is essential for a Nation. It implies a shared sense of identity, culture, and belonging among its members.

3. Sovereignty:
- State: Sovereignty is an essential element of the State. It refers to the supreme authority and power of a State to govern its territory and make decisions without external interference.
- Nation: Sovereignty is not an essential element of a Nation. A Nation can exist without being a sovereign political entity.

Correct Answer:
The correct answer is option 'D' - Sovereignty is essential for the Nation and not for the State.

Explanation:
- The statement in option 'D' is incorrect. Sovereignty is not an essential element of a Nation. A Nation can exist without being a sovereign political entity.
- A Nation can be a part of a larger State or can be divided among multiple states. The concept of sovereignty is primarily associated with the State, as it implies the supreme authority and control over a defined territory.
- For example, the Kurdish people are considered a distinct Nation, spread across multiple states such as Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Syria. While they share a common culture and identity, they do not possess sovereignty as a unified political entity.
- On the other hand, a State must have sovereignty to exercise its authority and govern its territory independently.
- Therefore, option 'D' is the correct answer as it incorrectly states that sovereignty is essential for the Nation but not for the State.

Conclusion:
In summary, the differences between State and Nation can be seen in their essential elements, the idea of oneness, and the requirement of sovereignty. While a State must have sovereignty, a sense of oneness is essential for a Nation. Sovereignty is not an essential element of a Nation, but it is necessary for a State to function independently.