LONG ANSWERSQ17: Mention the sources of Indian Constitution alongwith ...
Q17: Mention the sources of Indian Constitution along with the feature taken from these sources.
Sources of Indian Constitution:
1. Government of India Act, 1935: The framework of the Indian Constitution is based on the Government of India Act, 1935. This Act provided for a federal structure, division of powers between the Centre and the States, and the office of the Governor. The Indian Constitution also adopted certain provisions such as the bicameral legislature, the office of the Speaker, and the power of the judiciary to review legislative actions from this Act.
2. Constitutions of other countries: The Indian Constitution has borrowed certain provisions from the constitutions of other countries. For example, the concept of Fundamental Rights from the Constitution of the United States, the concept of Directive Principles of State Policy from the Constitution of Ireland, and the parliamentary system of government from the Constitution of the United Kingdom.
3. Indian traditions and customs: The Indian Constitution has also been influenced by Indian traditions and customs. For example, the Preamble of the Constitution reflects the concept of Dharma, which is a fundamental principle of Indian philosophy. The Constitution also provides for the protection of cultural and religious rights of the citizens.
Features taken from these sources:
1. Federal structure: The Indian Constitution provides for a federal structure with a division of powers between the Centre and the States. This feature was taken from the Government of India Act, 1935.
2. Fundamental Rights: The Indian Constitution guarantees certain fundamental rights to its citizens. This concept was taken from the Constitution of the United States.
3. Directive Principles of State Policy: The Indian Constitution includes Directive Principles of State Policy that provide for the welfare of the people. This concept was taken from the Constitution of Ireland.
4. Parliamentary system of government: The Indian Constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government with the Prime Minister as the head of the government. This concept was taken from the Constitution of the United Kingdom.
Q18: Explain the role of Election Commission of India.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering the electoral processes in India. The role of the ECI includes the following:
1. Conducting elections: The ECI is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the country. This involves preparing the electoral rolls, issuing notifications for elections, and conducting polls.
2. Monitoring election expenses: The ECI monitors the expenses incurred by political parties and candidates during elections. It ensures that the spending is within the limits set by law.
3. Granting recognition to political parties: The ECI grants recognition to political parties based on certain criteria such as their performance in elections.
4. Settlement of disputes: The ECI resolves disputes related to the conduct of elections. It also has the power to disqualify candidates who violate the election laws.
5. Educating voters: The ECI educates voters about the electoral process and their rights and responsibilities. It also encourages voter participation.
The Election Commission of India plays a crucial role in ensuring that elections in India are conducted in a free and fair manner.
Q19: Describe the powers and functions of Prime Minister of India.
The Prime Minister of India is the head of the government and the leader of the ruling party. The Prime Minister has the following powers and functions:
1. Head of the Council of Ministers: The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and is responsible for the functioning of the government.
2. Advisor to the President
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