**Types of Dams for Water Storage Based on Structural Behavior**

There are various types of dams that are used for the storage of water based on their structural behavior. These dams can be classified into three main categories: rigid, non-rigid, and buttress dams. Each type has its own unique structural characteristics and is suitable for different geological and topographical conditions.

**1. Rigid Dams:**
Rigid dams are the most common type of dams used for water storage. These dams are constructed using materials such as concrete or masonry, which provide high stiffness and strength to withstand the water pressure. The structural behavior of rigid dams is characterized by their ability to resist bending and deformation under the hydrostatic pressure of water.

Rigid dams can be further classified into two subcategories:

- Gravity Dams: Gravity dams rely on their own weight to resist the horizontal forces exerted by the water. These dams are usually made of concrete and are designed with a trapezoidal shape to distribute the water pressure evenly along the dam's length. Gravity dams are suitable for areas with strong foundations and stable geological conditions.

- Arch Dams: Arch dams are curved structures that rely on the strength of the arch shape to resist the water pressure. These dams are usually made of concrete and are designed to transfer the water pressure to the abutments on both sides of the dam. Arch dams are suitable for narrow valleys with steep sides where the abutments can provide sufficient resistance.

**2. Non-rigid Dams:**
Non-rigid dams, also known as embankment dams, are constructed using compacted earth materials such as rockfill or soil. Unlike rigid dams, non-rigid dams rely on their ability to deform under the water pressure to achieve stability. The structural behavior of non-rigid dams is characterized by their ability to absorb and dissipate the water pressure through deformation.

Non-rigid dams can be further classified into two subcategories:

- Homogeneous Earthfill Dams: Homogeneous earthfill dams are constructed using a single type of soil or rockfill material. These dams are designed to allow controlled deformation and settlement under the water pressure. Homogeneous earthfill dams are suitable for areas with less stable foundations and where the construction materials are readily available.

- Zoned Earthfill Dams: Zoned earthfill dams are constructed using different types of soil or rockfill materials in distinct zones. Each zone is designed to have different deformation characteristics, allowing the dam to deform in a controlled manner. Zoned earthfill dams are suitable for areas with complex geological conditions and where the construction materials need to be optimized.

**3. Buttress Dams:**
Buttress dams are a type of non-rigid dam that uses a series of reinforced concrete buttresses to support the water pressure. These dams consist of a series of vertical or inclined walls (buttresses) that are connected to a horizontal slab (deck) on the upstream side. The structural behavior of buttress dams is characterized by the interaction between the buttresses and the deck to resist the water pressure.

Buttress dams can be further classified into two subcategories:

- Multiple Arch Buttress Dams: Multiple arch buttress dams are characterized by a series of arches formed by the buttresses. These dams are suitable for narrow valleys where the arches can provide additional stability and strength.

- Flat Slab Buttress Dams: Flat slab buttress dams are characterized by a flat deck supported by the buttresses

D