The correct answer is A) Colonialism.

Explanation:

Colonialism refers to the establishment and maintenance of political, economic, and social control by one country over another. It involves the settlement of people from the colonizing country in the colonized territory, with the aim of exploiting its resources and asserting dominance over its indigenous population.

Colonialism typically involves a powerful nation extending its influence and control over a weaker nation or territory, often through military force or economic coercion. The colonizing country establishes political and legal institutions, implements its own laws and regulations, and imposes its cultural and social norms on the colonized population.

To understand why colonialism is the correct answer, let's briefly explore the other options:

B) Feudalism: Feudalism is a medieval social and economic system characterized by a hierarchical structure of lords and vassals, in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty. While feudalism does involve a form of control by one group over another, it primarily pertains to the relationship between lords and vassals within a single country, rather than the establishment of rule by one country over another.

C) Nationalism: Nationalism is the belief in the inherent value and importance of one's own nation, often accompanied by a desire for self-determination and independence. While nationalism can lead to the establishment of independent states, it does not necessarily involve the subjugation of one country by another.

D) Imperialism: Imperialism refers to the policy or ideology of extending a nation's power and influence over other countries, often through colonization or military force. While imperialism shares some similarities with colonialism, it is a broader concept that encompasses various forms of domination and control, including economic, political, and cultural influence, whereas colonialism specifically refers to the establishment of direct rule by one country over another.

In conclusion, colonialism is the most accurate term to describe the establishment of rule by one country over another, as it specifically refers to the process of colonization and the direct exercise of political, economic, and social control by a colonizing nation.