What are the major historical documents or constitutions studied in humanities subjects in Class 12?

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Major Historical Documents and Constitutions Studied in Humanities Subjects in Class 12

Historical Documents:

The Magna Carta: This document, signed in 1215, limited the powers of the English monarchy and established certain rights for English nobles and citizens.

The Declaration of Independence: This document, adopted by the American colonies in 1776, proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and outlined the principles of individual liberty and self-governance.

The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: This document, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, proclaimed the equality of all citizens before the law and established fundamental rights such as liberty, property, and resistance to oppression.

The Communist Manifesto: Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, this document presented the principles and goals of communism, advocating for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Adopted by the United Nations in 1948, this document sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled, including the right to life, liberty, and security of person.

Constitutions:

The United States Constitution: Ratified in 1788, this document is the supreme law of the United States, outlining the structure of the government, the division of powers, and the protection of individual rights.

The French Constitution of 1791: This constitution marked the establishment of the French constitutional monarchy and introduced principles such as the separation of powers and the protection of individual rights.

The Indian Constitution: Adopted in 1950, this constitution is the supreme law of India, providing a framework for governance, fundamental rights, and the division of powers between the central government and the states.

The South African Constitution: Enacted in 1996, this constitution is known for its emphasis on human rights, including the right to equality, dignity, and freedom of expression. It also established a democratic system of government.

The Australian Constitution: Established in 1901, this constitution outlines the structure of the Australian government, the division of powers between the federal and state governments, and the protection of individual rights.

Overall, studying these historical documents and constitutions in Class 12 humanities subjects provides students with a deeper understanding of the development of political systems, the evolution of individual rights and freedoms, and the principles that shape modern societies.

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