Major Religious or Philosophical Traditions Studied in Humanities Subjects in Class 12

In Class 12 Humanities subjects, students typically study a variety of major religious and philosophical traditions. These traditions are examined in order to develop an understanding of the diverse beliefs, values, and practices that have shaped human civilizations throughout history. Some of the major religious and philosophical traditions studied in Class 12 include:

1. Hinduism:
- Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world and is deeply rooted in the Indian subcontinent.
- Students learn about the key concepts, scriptures, deities, rituals, and ethical teachings of Hinduism.
- They also explore the different philosophical schools within Hinduism, such as Advaita Vedanta and Bhakti.

2. Buddhism:
- Buddhism originated in ancient India and spread to many parts of Asia.
- Students study the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) and the Four Noble Truths.
- They also examine various Buddhist schools, including Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.

3. Jainism:
- Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism.
- Students learn about the Jain principles of ahimsa (non-violence), anekantavada (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness).
- They also explore the Jain scriptures, practices, and ethical teachings.

4. Islam:
- Islam is a monotheistic religion founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE.
- Students study the key beliefs, practices, and ethical teachings of Islam, as well as the life of Prophet Muhammad.
- They also examine the Quran, Hadith, and the Five Pillars of Islam.

5. Christianity:
- Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
- Students learn about the key beliefs, practices, and ethical teachings of Christianity, as well as the life of Jesus Christ.
- They also explore the Bible and the development of different Christian denominations.

6. Sikhism:
- Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century in Punjab, India.
- Students study the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, and the Guru Granth Sahib (the Sikh holy scripture).
- They also learn about the key beliefs, practices, and ethical teachings of Sikhism.

7. Confucianism:
- Confucianism is a philosophical tradition that originated in ancient China.
- Students examine the teachings of Confucius and the key concepts of Confucian ethics, filial piety, and social harmony.
- They also explore the impact of Confucianism on Chinese society and culture.

8. Taoism:
- Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition rooted in ancient China.
- Students study the teachings of Laozi and the central concepts of the Tao (the Way), yin and yang, and wu wei (effortless action).
- They also explore the impact of Taoism on Chinese philosophy, art, and medicine.

9. Existentialism:
- Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 19th and