As floodwave passess a given section of a river, life lime of occurrence of the maximum stage and that maximum discharge will be such thata)the maximum discharge passes down before the maximum stage is attainedb)the maximum stage is attained before the maximum discharge passes downc)the two events occur simultaneouslyd)no specific sequence would be universally assignableCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Explanation:

When a floodwave passes through a given section of a river, the maximum stage and maximum discharge will occur at some point during the flood event. The question asks about the relationship between the occurrence of these two events.

Option A: The maximum discharge passes down before the maximum stage is attained

This option suggests that the peak flow of water passes downstream before the water level reaches its highest point. However, in a flood event, the water level usually rises before the peak flow occurs. This option is not correct.

Option B: The maximum stage is attained before the maximum discharge passes down

This option suggests that the water level reaches its highest point before the peak flow passes downstream. In many cases, this is indeed the situation during a flood event. As the water level rises, it eventually reaches its maximum, and then the peak flow of water follows. This option is plausible.

Option C: The two events occur simultaneously

This option suggests that the maximum stage and maximum discharge occur at the same time. This is a possibility during a flood event, especially if there are no significant delays in the propagation of the floodwave. The water level and flow rate could both reach their peaks simultaneously. This option is plausible.

Option D: No specific sequence would be universally assignable

This option suggests that there is no consistent relationship between the occurrence of the maximum stage and maximum discharge. However, in reality, there is often a relationship between the rise in water level and the subsequent peak flow. This option is not correct.

Conclusion:

Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is option C: the maximum stage and maximum discharge occur simultaneously.

Answer

Introduction:
The given question is related to the behavior of floodwaves in a river. It specifically addresses the relationship between the occurrence of the maximum stage and the maximum discharge during a flood event.

Explanation:
During a flood event, a floodwave refers to the rising and falling of water levels in a river or stream. It is characterized by an increase and subsequent decrease in both the stage (water level) and discharge (volume of water passing through a cross-section of the river).

Maximum Stage:
The maximum stage refers to the highest water level reached during the floodwave at a specific location along the river. It represents the peak of the flood event and is typically measured in terms of elevation or depth.

Maximum Discharge:
The maximum discharge refers to the highest volume of water passing through a cross-section of the river during the floodwave. It represents the peak flow rate and is usually measured in terms of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs).

Simultaneous Occurrence:
According to the correct answer option 'C', the two events, i.e., the attainment of the maximum stage and the passage of the maximum discharge, occur simultaneously. This means that the peak water level and the peak flow rate coincide in time.

Reasoning:
The simultaneous occurrence of the maximum stage and the maximum discharge can be understood by considering the behavior of floodwaves in rivers. As the floodwave progresses downstream, the water level gradually rises, reaching its peak at a certain point along the river. At the same time, the flow rate of the river also increases, reaching its maximum value.

Interpretation:
The simultaneous occurrence of the maximum stage and the maximum discharge is a result of the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and the floodwave propagation process. It indicates that the river is conveying the floodwater efficiently, without significant storage or delay.

Conclusion:
In summary, during the passage of a floodwave in a river, the maximum stage and the maximum discharge occur simultaneously. This signifies the efficient conveyance of floodwater through the river channel.

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