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The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, which had been shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage in spirited debates about whether football should be banned in high schools across the country.
  • a)
    had been shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage in
  • b)
    were shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, are leading parents and educators to engage in
  • c)
    have been shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage in
  • d)
    are being shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, lead parents and educators to engage in
  • e)
    will have been shown to harm football players' health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage in
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad b...
Option C maintains the correct verb tense and maintains consistency throughout the sentence. The phrase "have been shown" correctly expresses that the adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles have been demonstrated in the past. The phrase "have led" correctly indicates that these adverse effects have led to the debates among parents and educators.
Option A is incorrect because it uses the past perfect tense "had been shown," which implies that the harm to football players' health is no longer relevant or no longer happening.
Option B is incorrect because it uses the simple past tense "were shown," which also implies that the harm is no longer relevant or no longer happening.
Option D is incorrect because it uses the present progressive tense "are being shown," which suggests ongoing actions, but does not accurately convey the past evidence and its impact on the debates.
Option E is incorrect because it uses the future perfect tense "will have been shown," which suggests that the harm will only be shown in the future, rather than already having been demonstrated.
This question is part of UPSC exam. View all GMAT courses
Most Upvoted Answer
The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad b...
Option C maintains the correct verb tense and maintains consistency throughout the sentence. The phrase "have been shown" correctly expresses that the adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles have been demonstrated in the past. The phrase "have led" correctly indicates that these adverse effects have led to the debates among parents and educators.
Option A is incorrect because it uses the past perfect tense "had been shown," which implies that the harm to football players' health is no longer relevant or no longer happening.
Option B is incorrect because it uses the simple past tense "were shown," which also implies that the harm is no longer relevant or no longer happening.
Option D is incorrect because it uses the present progressive tense "are being shown," which suggests ongoing actions, but does not accurately convey the past evidence and its impact on the debates.
Option E is incorrect because it uses the future perfect tense "will have been shown," which suggests that the harm will only be shown in the future, rather than already having been demonstrated.
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According to many analysts, labor-management relations in the United States are undergoing a fundamental change: traditional adversarialism is giving way to a new cooperative relationship between the two sides and even to concessions from labor. These analysts say the twin shocks of nonunion competition in this country and low-cost, high-quality imports from abroad are forcing unions to look more favorably at a variety of management demands: the need for wage restraint and reduced benefits as well as the abolition of “rigid” work rules, seniority rights, and job classifications.Sophisticated proponents of these new developments cast their observations in a prolabor light. In return for their concessions, they point out, some unions have bargained for profit sharing, retraining rights, and job¬-security guarantees. Unions can also trade concessions for more say on the shop floor, where techniques such as quality circles and quality-of-work-life programs promise workers greater control over their own jobs. Unions may even win a voice in investment and pricing strategy, plant location, and other major corporate policy decisions previously reserved to management.Opponents of these concessions from labor argue that such concessions do not save jobs, but either prolong the agony of dying plants or finance the plant relocations that employers had intended anyway. Companies make investment decisions to fit their strategic plans and their profit objectives, opponents point out, and labor costs are usually just a small factor in the equation. Moreover, unrestrained by either loyalty to their work force or political or legislative constraints on their mobility, the companies eventually cut and run, concessions or no concessions.Wage-related concessions have come under particular attack, since opponents believe that high union wages underlay much of the success of United States industry in this century. They point out that a long-standing principle, shared by both management and labor, has been that workers should earn wages that give them the income they need to buy what they make. Moreover, high wages have given workers the buying power to propel the economy forward. If proposals for pay cuts, two-tier wage systems, and subminimum wages for young workers continue to gain credence, opponents believe the U.S. social structure will move toward that of a less-developed nation: a small group of wealthy investors, a sizable but still minority bloc of elite professionals and highly skilled employees, and a huge mass of marginal workers and unskilled laborers. Further, they argue that if unions willingly engage in concession bargaining on the false grounds that labor costs are the source of a companys problems, unions will find themselves competing with Third World pay levels—a competition they cannot win.The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?

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The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inspirited debates about whether football should be banned in high schools across the country.a)had been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inb)were shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, are leading parents and educators to engage inc)have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage ind)are being shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, lead parents and educators to engage ine)will have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inspirited debates about whether football should be banned in high schools across the country.a)had been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inb)were shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, are leading parents and educators to engage inc)have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage ind)are being shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, lead parents and educators to engage ine)will have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for GMAT 2024 is part of GMAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the GMAT exam syllabus. Information about The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inspirited debates about whether football should be banned in high schools across the country.a)had been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inb)were shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, are leading parents and educators to engage inc)have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage ind)are being shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, lead parents and educators to engage ine)will have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for GMAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The adverse health effects of high-impact football tackles, whichhad been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inspirited debates about whether football should be banned in high schools across the country.a)had been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inb)were shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, are leading parents and educators to engage inc)have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage ind)are being shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, lead parents and educators to engage ine)will have been shown to harm football players health by causing concussions and irreversible brain damage, have led parents and educators to engage inCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
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