Introduction:
When preparing for the UPSC Anthropology exam, it is essential to decide on the most effective approach to studying. While memorizing previous year's questions can be helpful to some extent, it is more beneficial to prioritize understanding the underlying concepts and principles in Anthropology. Here's why:

1. Comprehensive understanding:
- Memorizing exact answers to previous year's questions may help you in gaining some marks but it does not guarantee a comprehensive understanding of the subject.
- Anthropology is a diverse field that encompasses various theories, methodologies, and perspectives. It is crucial to grasp the fundamental concepts and principles in order to apply them effectively in different scenarios.
- By focusing on understanding the subject, you will be better equipped to analyze and critically evaluate anthropological theories, research findings, and case studies.

2. Flexibility in answering:
- Relying solely on memorization limits your ability to adapt to different question formats or variations in the style of questions asked.
- Understanding the underlying concepts and principles allows you to approach questions from different angles and provide well-rounded answers.
- It helps you develop the ability to connect different ideas and concepts, enabling you to provide a more nuanced and comprehensive response.

3. Application-oriented approach:
- Anthropology is not just about memorizing facts and figures; it is about applying anthropological knowledge and concepts to real-world situations.
- By focusing on understanding, you will be better prepared to analyze case studies, interpret data, and apply anthropological theories to solve problems or provide insights in diverse contexts.
- This application-oriented approach is highly valued in the UPSC exam, where candidates are expected to demonstrate critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

4. Long-term retention:
- Simply memorizing answers may help you in the short term, but the information is likely to fade away over time.
- Understanding the underlying concepts and principles ensures a deeper level of learning, which leads to long-term retention of knowledge.
- This will not only benefit you in the exam but also in your future career as an anthropologist, where a solid understanding of the subject is essential.

Conclusion:
While memorizing previous year's questions can be a part of your preparation strategy, it is essential to prioritize understanding the underlying concepts and principles in Anthropology. This approach will not only help you in the UPSC exam but also equip you with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the field of Anthropology. So, focus on building a strong foundation of understanding, and use previous year's questions as practice exercises to apply your knowledge effectively.