India lies wholly in the northern and eastern hemispheres. 1. The main land of India extends from 8 deg 4' 28" N to 37 deg 17' 53" N latitudes and from 68 deg 7' 53" E to 97 deg 24' 47" E longitudes. The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is approximately the same i.e. 30 deg. 2. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands extend further southwards and add to the latitudinal extent of India. 3. The southernmost point known as the Indira Point in the Great Nicobar Island is at 6 deg 45' N.4. The latitudinal extent of India from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south is 3,214 km. 5. India's longitudinal extent from the Rann of Kutch in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east is 2,933 km.

The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India helps define the geographical boundaries of the country. The latitudinal extent of India is approximately 8°4'N to 37°6'N, while the longitudinal extent is approximately 68°7'E to 97°25'E.

Importance of Latitudinal Extent:
1. Climatic Variation: The latitudinal extent plays a crucial role in determining the climatic variations across the country. India experiences a diverse range of climates, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. The latitudinal extent allows for variations in temperature, rainfall patterns, and seasons.

2. Biodiversity: The diverse latitudinal extent contributes to India's rich biodiversity. Different climatic zones support a wide variety of flora and fauna. The tropical regions support lush rainforests, while the temperate regions have a unique mix of deciduous and coniferous forests. The latitudinal extent allows for a wide range of ecosystems, making India one of the world's biodiversity hotspots.

3. Agricultural Productivity: The latitudinal extent influences agricultural productivity in India. The tropical latitudes provide favorable conditions for growing crops like rice, sugarcane, and spices. The temperate regions are suitable for cultivating wheat, barley, and fruits like apples. The diverse latitudinal range enables India to have a varied agricultural base and contribute significantly to food production.

Importance of Longitudinal Extent:
1. Time Zones: The longitudinal extent of India spans across multiple time zones. This helps in maintaining standard time across the country. India follows the Indian Standard Time (IST), which is +5:30 hours ahead of GMT. The longitudinal extent ensures uniform timekeeping throughout the country.

2. Cultural and Linguistic Diversity: The longitudinal extent contributes to India's cultural and linguistic diversity. Different regions have distinct languages, dialects, and cultural practices. The diversity is a result of historical and geographical factors influenced by the east-west spread of the country.

3. Economic Development: The longitudinal extent affects economic activities and trade within the country. Different regions have their own economic specialties based on natural resources, industries, and agriculture. The east-west spread allows for the development of trade routes and connectivity across the country, facilitating economic growth and regional development.

In conclusion, the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India have significant implications for climate, biodiversity, agriculture, timekeeping, cultural diversity, and economic development. Understanding these geographical aspects helps in comprehending the diverse nature of India and its various facets.