Raphaela: Forcing people to help others is morally wrong. Therefore, n...
Raphaela's Argument:
- Forcing people to help others is morally wrong.
- Therefore, no government has the right to redistribute resources via taxation.
- Anyone who wants can help others voluntarily.
Edward's Argument:
- Governments do have the right to redistribute resources via taxation.
- Insofar as they give people the freedom to leave and hence not to live under their authority.
The disagreement between Raphaela and Edward revolves around the morality and rights of governments to redistribute resources via taxation.
Now let's analyze each option:
(A) Any government that does not permit emigration would be morally wrong to redistribute resources via taxation. This option aligns with Edward's argument, as he emphasizes the importance of allowing people to leave if they don't want to live under a government's authority. Raphaela's viewpoint on emigration is not explicitly stated, so it's unclear if she agrees or disagrees with this option.
(B) Any government that permits emigration has the right to redistribute resources via taxation. This option captures the essence of Edward's argument, as he believes that as long as governments allow people to leave, they have the right to redistribute resources via taxation. Raphaela's stance on emigration is not specified, so she may or may not agree with this option.
(C) Every government should allow people to help others voluntarily. While Raphaela argues in favor of voluntary help, it is not clear if Edward supports or disagrees with this option. His focus is on the rights of governments and the freedom to leave their authority, not necessarily on whether every government should allow voluntary help.
(D) Any government that redistributes resources via taxation forces people to help others. Both Raphaela and Edward would likely agree with this statement. Raphaela argues that forcing people to help others is morally wrong, which implies that government redistribution via taxation involves forcing. Edward's viewpoint is not explicitly stated, but his argument suggests that he believes governments have the right to redistribute resources, even if it involves forcing people to contribute.
(E) Any government that forces people to help others should permit emigration. This option aligns with Edward's argument, as he emphasizes that governments should allow people to leave if they don't want to live under their authority. Raphaela's position on this specific point is not explicitly stated.
Given the analysis above, the disagreement between Raphaela and Edward is best captured by option (B): Any government that permits emigration has the right to redistribute resources via taxation.