Liver damage can be caused by various factors, including excessive alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and certain medical conditions. However, in the context of this question, liver damage is specifically associated with an overdose of Vitamin B3, also known as niacin.

Niacin is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is involved in numerous physiological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and hormone synthesis. Niacin is also important for maintaining healthy skin, nervous system, and digestive system.

However, taking excessive amounts of niacin supplements can have detrimental effects on the liver. This is primarily due to the fact that niacin is metabolized in the liver and excreted through bile. When an excessive amount of niacin is consumed, it can overwhelm the liver's metabolic capacity, leading to liver damage.

The mechanism by which niacin overdose causes liver damage is not completely understood. It is believed that the accumulation of niacin and its metabolites in the liver can disrupt cellular processes and cause oxidative stress, leading to inflammation and damage to liver cells.

Symptoms of liver damage caused by niacin overdose may include abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, pale stools, fatigue, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, it can progress to liver failure.

To prevent liver damage, it is important to consume niacin within the recommended daily intake levels. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for niacin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. For adults, the RDA ranges from 14-16 mg for women and 16-18 mg for men.

It is worth noting that niacin obtained from natural food sources is generally safe and does not pose a risk of liver damage. Foods rich in niacin include meat, fish, poultry, legumes, whole grains, and nuts. However, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any dietary supplements, including niacin, to ensure proper dosage and avoid potential complications.

Liver damage is caused due to the overdose Vitamin B3.