Which reform measure, initiated since India's independence, aimed to a...
Tenancy reforms:
Tenancy reforms aimed to protect the rights of tenants and improve their conditions. They focused on regulating the relationship between landlords and tenants, ensuring fair rent, security of tenure, and preventing exploitation. However, tenancy reforms did not directly address the issue of intermediaries in land ownership.
Ceiling on land holdings:
Ceiling on land holdings aimed to reduce concentration of land ownership by limiting the maximum area of land a person or family could own. This measure was implemented to promote land redistribution and reduce inequalities. While it indirectly targeted intermediaries by reducing their land holdings, it did not completely abolish their role in land ownership.
Cooperative farming:
Cooperative farming involved pooling resources and land together to form agricultural cooperatives. The objective was to achieve economies of scale, increase productivity, and improve the socio-economic conditions of farmers. While cooperative farming aimed to empower farmers and reduce dependence on intermediaries, it did not directly abolish intermediaries in land ownership.
Abolition of intermediaries:
The correct answer is option 'D' - Abolition of intermediaries. This reform measure specifically aimed to eliminate intermediaries in land ownership. Intermediaries, also known as zamindars or landlords, were historically powerful landowners who held control over large tracts of land and extracted rent from tenants. The abolition of intermediaries aimed to transfer ownership rights directly to the cultivators or tillers of the land. This measure sought to empower farmers, remove exploitative practices, and promote the equitable distribution of land.
The Abolition of Intermediaries Act was enacted in various states across India, such as Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh, during the 1950s and 1960s. Under this act, the land held by intermediaries was vested with the government, and the farmers who were cultivating the land were given ownership rights. This process of land redistribution aimed to eradicate the feudal system and create a more egalitarian society.
By abolishing intermediaries, the reform measure aimed to directly empower farmers, reduce the exploitation of tenants, and promote land reforms. It aimed to break the cycle of dependence on landlords, allowing farmers to have direct control over the land they cultivated. This not only improved the socio-economic conditions of farmers but also brought about positive changes in agricultural productivity and rural development.
In conclusion, the reform measure that aimed to abolish intermediaries in land ownership was the Abolition of Intermediaries Act. This measure sought to transfer ownership rights directly to the cultivators and empower farmers by eliminating the exploitative practices of intermediaries.
Which reform measure, initiated since India's independence, aimed to a...
The correct answer is Option D. The reform measure that aimed to abolish intermediaries in land ownership is the "Abolition of intermediaries." This initiative was undertaken to eliminate the middlemen or intermediaries who previously held land titles, allowing land to be redistributed more directly to the actual cultivators.