Which of the following virus promotes cell death by apoptosis?a)Vaccinia virusb)Myxoma virusc)HSVd)Rubella virusCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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ACT Exam > ACT Questions > Which of the following virus promotes cell de...

Which of the following virus promotes cell death by apoptosis?

a)
Vaccinia virus
b)
Myxoma virus
c)
HSV
d)
Rubella virus

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Which of the following virus promotes cell death by apoptosis?a)Vaccin...

Rubella virus, which belongs to the family Togaviridae, expresses proteins that promote the cell death by apoptosis. Vaccinia virus, myxoma virus, herpes simplex virus, etc. are the viruses that inhibit the cell death by apoptosis.

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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageSOCIAL SCIENCE: A Cure for PolioIn the early twentieth century, no other diseasecaused as much fear and anxiety in the United Statesas paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralytic poliomyelitis,more commonly known as polio, was a particularly(5) devastating disease because of its effect on children.Many children stricken with polio became permanentlyconfined to wheelchairs or died at a very early age.It was during the summer of 1916 that Americansfirst realized that polio was a threatening and(10) deadly disease. As a virus, polio seemed to spreadmost quickly and easily during the summer months.Throughout that fateful summer, New York City expe-rienced a polio epidemic that killed 9,000 people andleft 27,000 paralyzed.(15) Even though polio was not a new disease, med-ical experts around the turn of the century were stilluncertain about how to prevent it. While it is difficultto determine polio’s first appearance in history, variousaccounts of lameness and paralysis suggest that polio(20) can be traced back to early Egypt. It was probablynot until 1908, when two Austrian physicians identi-fied the submicroscopic virus, that scientists began tohave an accurate understanding of the disease. Until1908, conditions such as overheating, chilling, and(25) even teething were thought to cause polio’s symptoms.Some scientists and doctors even believed that diseasessuch as whooping cough and pneumonia were the causeof polio.For many decades, polio research centered on(30) treating symptoms as well as developing a vaccineto prevent polio. There was no known cure for peo-ple already infected with polio, so doctors focused onmanaging the disease’s debilitating effects. Scientistsand doctors concentrated on making the polio patient(35) more comfortable and preventing fatalities. During the1920s, the iron lung became a common device usedto assist polio patients in breathing. When using theiron lung, patients would lie in a metal, human-sizedtank for long periods of time. Sometimes, polio patients(40) would have to continue this treatment their entire lives.Serum therapy was also attempted. During this type oftreatment, polio victims would receive doses of serumextracted from polio-recovered monkeys, humans, andeven horses. After nearly 20 years of research and trials,(45) serum therapy was finally abandoned and deemedunsuccessful.In the medical field, other debates occurredregarding the proper treatment of polio patients. Ini-tially, it was thought that diseased limbs should be(50) immobilized and even placed in casts. In addition,polio patients were prescribed complete bed rest. How-ever, other theories suggested that paralyzed armsand legs should be wrapped in hot compresses andexercised regularly to prevent muscular atrophy. This(55) latter approach soon became typical protocol becauseit seemed to relieve some pain and discomfort.During World War II, the effort to cure and preventpolio in the United States was stalled because medicalresearchers became more involved with military issues(60) and diseases overseas. However, at the end of the War,as numerous troops returned home and polio epidemicsonce again increased, attention was turned back to thisdreaded disease. Finally, a breakthrough occurred dur-ing the early 1950s when a medical researcher named(65) Jonas Salk developed an effective vaccine using thetissue culture method. Salk discovered that injectingelements of the dead polio virus into healthy patientswas effective, because vaccinated patients would buildantibodies against the dead virus. These acquired(70) antibodies prevented any future infection.Later, another medical researcher named AlbertSabin developed an even easier method of distributingthe vaccine. Sabin’s vaccine became known as the oralpolio vaccine. This innovation eliminated the use of(75) needles; the vaccine was administered by mouth. Chil-dren had no difficulty tolerating the vaccine becauseit was infiltrated into a sugar cube. By 1955, the Salkvaccination trials were deemed successful. The gov-ernment quickly established a program to administer(80) vaccines to everyone in the country. By the early 1960s,the oral Sabin vaccine replaced the Salk injections. TheSabin vaccine was a live, attenuated virus that providedlonger-lasting effects. By 1964, only 121 cases of poliowere reported. This was a dramatic decrease from the(85) 58,000 cases reported in 1952.While the scourge of polio is well under control inthe United States, it is still a dangerous disease world-wide. Polio is especially a threat in more remote andundeveloped countries. In addition, 500,000 Americans(90) continue to live with the effects of childhood polioinfections that began decades ago.Q.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true regarding polio?

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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageSOCIAL SCIENCE: A Cure for PolioIn the early twentieth century, no other diseasecaused as much fear and anxiety in the United Statesas paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralytic poliomyelitis,more commonly known as polio, was a particularly(5) devastating disease because of its effect on children.Many children stricken with polio became permanentlyconfined to wheelchairs or died at a very early age.It was during the summer of 1916 that Americansfirst realized that polio was a threatening and(10) deadly disease. As a virus, polio seemed to spreadmost quickly and easily during the summer months.Throughout that fateful summer, New York City expe-rienced a polio epidemic that killed 9,000 people andleft 27,000 paralyzed.(15) Even though polio was not a new disease, med-ical experts around the turn of the century were stilluncertain about how to prevent it. While it is difficultto determine polio’s first appearance in history, variousaccounts of lameness and paralysis suggest that polio(20) can be traced back to early Egypt. It was probablynot until 1908, when two Austrian physicians identi-fied the submicroscopic virus, that scientists began tohave an accurate understanding of the disease. Until1908, conditions such as overheating, chilling, and(25) even teething were thought to cause polio’s symptoms.Some scientists and doctors even believed that diseasessuch as whooping cough and pneumonia were the causeof polio.For many decades, polio research centered on(30) treating symptoms as well as developing a vaccineto prevent polio. There was no known cure for peo-ple already infected with polio, so doctors focused onmanaging the disease’s debilitating effects. Scientistsand doctors concentrated on making the polio patient(35) more comfortable and preventing fatalities. During the1920s, the iron lung became a common device usedto assist polio patients in breathing. When using theiron lung, patients would lie in a metal, human-sizedtank for long periods of time. Sometimes, polio patients(40) would have to continue this treatment their entire lives.Serum therapy was also attempted. During this type oftreatment, polio victims would receive doses of serumextracted from polio-recovered monkeys, humans, andeven horses. After nearly 20 years of research and trials,(45) serum therapy was finally abandoned and deemedunsuccessful.In the medical field, other debates occurredregarding the proper treatment of polio patients. Ini-tially, it was thought that diseased limbs should be(50) immobilized and even placed in casts. In addition,polio patients were prescribed complete bed rest. How-ever, other theories suggested that paralyzed armsand legs should be wrapped in hot compresses andexercised regularly to prevent muscular atrophy. This(55) latter approach soon became typical protocol becauseit seemed to relieve some pain and discomfort.During World War II, the effort to cure and preventpolio in the United States was stalled because medicalresearchers became more involved with military issues(60) and diseases overseas. However, at the end of the War,as numerous troops returned home and polio epidemicsonce again increased, attention was turned back to thisdreaded disease. Finally, a breakthrough occurred dur-ing the early 1950s when a medical researcher named(65) Jonas Salk developed an effective vaccine using thetissue culture method. Salk discovered that injectingelements of the dead polio virus into healthy patientswas effective, because vaccinated patients would buildantibodies against the dead virus. These acquired(70) antibodies prevented any future infection.Later, another medical researcher named AlbertSabin developed an even easier method of distributingthe vaccine. Sabin’s vaccine became known as the oralpolio vaccine. This innovation eliminated the use of(75) needles; the vaccine was administered by mouth. Chil-dren had no difficulty tolerating the vaccine becauseit was infiltrated into a sugar cube. By 1955, the Salkvaccination trials were deemed successful. The gov-ernment quickly established a program to administer(80) vaccines to everyone in the country. By the early 1960s,the oral Sabin vaccine replaced the Salk injections. TheSabin vaccine was a live, attenuated virus that providedlonger-lasting effects. By 1964, only 121 cases of poliowere reported. This was a dramatic decrease from the(85) 58,000 cases reported in 1952.While the scourge of polio is well under control inthe United States, it is still a dangerous disease world-wide. Polio is especially a threat in more remote andundeveloped countries. In addition, 500,000 Americans(90) continue to live with the effects of childhood polioinfections that began decades ago.Q.It can be reasonably inferred that the author would probably consider which of the following to be most similar to the discussion of polio in the passage?

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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageSOCIAL SCIENCE: A Cure for PolioIn the early twentieth century, no other diseasecaused as much fear and anxiety in the United Statesas paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralytic poliomyelitis,more commonly known as polio, was a particularly(5) devastating disease because of its effect on children.Many children stricken with polio became permanentlyconfined to wheelchairs or died at a very early age.It was during the summer of 1916 that Americansfirst realized that polio was a threatening and(10) deadly disease. As a virus, polio seemed to spreadmost quickly and easily during the summer months.Throughout that fateful summer, New York City expe-rienced a polio epidemic that killed 9,000 people andleft 27,000 paralyzed.(15) Even though polio was not a new disease, med-ical experts around the turn of the century were stilluncertain about how to prevent it. While it is difficultto determine polio’s first appearance in history, variousaccounts of lameness and paralysis suggest that polio(20) can be traced back to early Egypt. It was probablynot until 1908, when two Austrian physicians identi-fied the submicroscopic virus, that scientists began tohave an accurate understanding of the disease. Until1908, conditions such as overheating, chilling, and(25) even teething were thought to cause polio’s symptoms.Some scientists and doctors even believed that diseasessuch as whooping cough and pneumonia were the causeof polio.For many decades, polio research centered on(30) treating symptoms as well as developing a vaccineto prevent polio. There was no known cure for peo-ple already infected with polio, so doctors focused onmanaging the disease’s debilitating effects. Scientistsand doctors concentrated on making the polio patient(35) more comfortable and preventing fatalities. During the1920s, the iron lung became a common device usedto assist polio patients in breathing. When using theiron lung, patients would lie in a metal, human-sizedtank for long periods of time. Sometimes, polio patients(40) would have to continue this treatment their entire lives.Serum therapy was also attempted. During this type oftreatment, polio victims would receive doses of serumextracted from polio-recovered monkeys, humans, andeven horses. After nearly 20 years of research and trials,(45) serum therapy was finally abandoned and deemedunsuccessful.In the medical field, other debates occurredregarding the proper treatment of polio patients. Ini-tially, it was thought that diseased limbs should be(50) immobilized and even placed in casts. In addition,polio patients were prescribed complete bed rest. How-ever, other theories suggested that paralyzed armsand legs should be wrapped in hot compresses andexercised regularly to prevent muscular atrophy. This(55) latter approach soon became typical protocol becauseit seemed to relieve some pain and discomfort.During World War II, the effort to cure and preventpolio in the United States was stalled because medicalresearchers became more involved with military issues(60) and diseases overseas. However, at the end of the War,as numerous troops returned home and polio epidemicsonce again increased, attention was turned back to thisdreaded disease. Finally, a breakthrough occurred dur-ing the early 1950s when a medical researcher named(65) Jonas Salk developed an effective vaccine using thetissue culture method. Salk discovered that injectingelements of the dead polio virus into healthy patientswas effective, because vaccinated patients would buildantibodies against the dead virus. These acquired(70) antibodies prevented any future infection.Later, another medical researcher named AlbertSabin developed an even easier method of distributingthe vaccine. Sabin’s vaccine became known as the oralpolio vaccine. This innovation eliminated the use of(75) needles; the vaccine was administered by mouth. Chil-dren had no difficulty tolerating the vaccine becauseit was infiltrated into a sugar cube. By 1955, the Salkvaccination trials were deemed successful. The gov-ernment quickly established a program to administer(80) vaccines to everyone in the country. By the early 1960s,the oral Sabin vaccine replaced the Salk injections. TheSabin vaccine was a live, attenuated virus that providedlonger-lasting effects. By 1964, only 121 cases of poliowere reported. This was a dramatic decrease from the(85) 58,000 cases reported in 1952.While the scourge of polio is well under control inthe United States, it is still a dangerous disease world-wide. Polio is especially a threat in more remote andundeveloped countries. In addition, 500,000 Americans(90) continue to live with the effects of childhood polioinfections that began decades ago.Q.Based on the overall tone of the passage, which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s perspective on the effects of the American polio epidemic of the early 1900s?

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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageSOCIAL SCIENCE: A Cure for PolioIn the early twentieth century, no other diseasecaused as much fear and anxiety in the United Statesas paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralytic poliomyelitis,more commonly known as polio, was a particularly(5) devastating disease because of its effect on children.Many children stricken with polio became permanentlyconfined to wheelchairs or died at a very early age.It was during the summer of 1916 that Americansfirst realized that polio was a threatening and(10) deadly disease. As a virus, polio seemed to spreadmost quickly and easily during the summer months.Throughout that fateful summer, New York City expe-rienced a polio epidemic that killed 9,000 people andleft 27,000 paralyzed.(15) Even though polio was not a new disease, med-ical experts around the turn of the century were stilluncertain about how to prevent it. While it is difficultto determine polio’s first appearance in history, variousaccounts of lameness and paralysis suggest that polio(20) can be traced back to early Egypt. It was probablynot until 1908, when two Austrian physicians identi-fied the submicroscopic virus, that scientists began tohave an accurate understanding of the disease. Until1908, conditions such as overheating, chilling, and(25) even teething were thought to cause polio’s symptoms.Some scientists and doctors even believed that diseasessuch as whooping cough and pneumonia were the causeof polio.For many decades, polio research centered on(30) treating symptoms as well as developing a vaccineto prevent polio. There was no known cure for peo-ple already infected with polio, so doctors focused onmanaging the disease’s debilitating effects. Scientistsand doctors concentrated on making the polio patient(35) more comfortable and preventing fatalities. During the1920s, the iron lung became a common device usedto assist polio patients in breathing. When using theiron lung, patients would lie in a metal, human-sizedtank for long periods of time. Sometimes, polio patients(40) would have to continue this treatment their entire lives.Serum therapy was also attempted. During this type oftreatment, polio victims would receive doses of serumextracted from polio-recovered monkeys, humans, andeven horses. After nearly 20 years of research and trials,(45) serum therapy was finally abandoned and deemedunsuccessful.In the medical field, other debates occurredregarding the proper treatment of polio patients. Ini-tially, it was thought that diseased limbs should be(50) immobilized and even placed in casts. In addition,polio patients were prescribed complete bed rest. How-ever, other theories suggested that paralyzed armsand legs should be wrapped in hot compresses andexercised regularly to prevent muscular atrophy. This(55) latter approach soon became typical protocol becauseit seemed to relieve some pain and discomfort.During World War II, the effort to cure and preventpolio in the United States was stalled because medicalresearchers became more involved with military issues(60) and diseases overseas. However, at the end of the War,as numerous troops returned home and polio epidemicsonce again increased, attention was turned back to thisdreaded disease. Finally, a breakthrough occurred dur-ing the early 1950s when a medical researcher named(65) Jonas Salk developed an effective vaccine using thetissue culture method. Salk discovered that injectingelements of the dead polio virus into healthy patientswas effective, because vaccinated patients would buildantibodies against the dead virus. These acquired(70) antibodies prevented any future infection.Later, another medical researcher named AlbertSabin developed an even easier method of distributingthe vaccine. Sabin’s vaccine became known as the oralpolio vaccine. This innovation eliminated the use of(75) needles; the vaccine was administered by mouth. Chil-dren had no difficulty tolerating the vaccine becauseit was infiltrated into a sugar cube. By 1955, the Salkvaccination trials were deemed successful. The gov-ernment quickly established a program to administer(80) vaccines to everyone in the country. By the early 1960s,the oral Sabin vaccine replaced the Salk injections. TheSabin vaccine was a live, attenuated virus that providedlonger-lasting effects. By 1964, only 121 cases of poliowere reported. This was a dramatic decrease from the(85) 58,000 cases reported in 1952.While the scourge of polio is well under control inthe United States, it is still a dangerous disease world-wide. Polio is especially a threat in more remote andundeveloped countries. In addition, 500,000 Americans(90) continue to live with the effects of childhood polioinfections that began decades ago.Q.According to the information presented in the passage, what would likely have happened if the iron lung had not been invented?

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