Background:
The British carried out detailed surveys by the early 19th century in order to map the entire country.

Explanation:
- The British government recognized the importance of having accurate maps for various purposes such as defense, taxation, land ownership, and infrastructure development.
- The Ordnance Survey was established in 1791 to conduct these surveys and produce detailed maps of Great Britain.
- The surveys were carried out using advanced surveying techniques and equipment, such as the theodolite and measuring chains.
- Surveyors would traverse the country on foot, recording geographical features, boundaries, and land use patterns.
- The data collected during these surveys was meticulously compiled and used to create topographic maps that provided a detailed representation of the landscape.

Significance:
- The mapping of the entire country allowed for better administration and governance by the British authorities.
- The detailed surveys also facilitated the planning and construction of roads, railways, canals, and other infrastructure projects.
- The accurate maps produced by the Ordnance Survey were invaluable for military purposes, aiding in strategic planning and defense.
- The mapping of the country also helped in the development of industries such as mining, agriculture, and forestry by providing valuable information about the natural resources and terrain.
In conclusion, the British carried out detailed surveys in the early 19th century to map the entire country, which had significant implications for governance, infrastructure development, and defense.