Question Description
Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Proposed in 2007, the Lisbon Treaty was ratified by most member states in 2008, but a referendum in Ireland-the only country that put the Lisbon agreement to a public vote-rejected it on June 12, 2008, thus jeopardizing the entire treaty. More than a year later, on October 2, 2009, Ireland held a second referendum, which passed.Poland's government also had expressed reservations, but it ratified the treaty a week after the Irish vote, after securing opt-outs from EU policy on some social issues, such as abortion. The Czech Republic was the last remaining holdout: though its Parliament had ratified the treaty, the country's president, Václav Klaus, withheld his signature. Finally, after the Czech courts ruled that the treaty did not violate the country's constitution; Klaus signed it on November 3, 2009. The Lisbon Treaty, thus ratified by all 27 member states, entered into force on December 1, 2009.While it was not explicitly called a European constitution, the treaty addressed a number of issues that had been central to the 2004 EU draft constitution, an initiative that was scuttled after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected it in 2005. Under the amendments of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Community-which had provided the economic framework upon which the EU was built, disappeared, and its powers and structure were incorporated into the EU. Moreover, the office of a permanent EU president was created, with the president chosen by the leaders of the member countries from a pool of candidates that they had selected. The leader holding this two-and-a-half-year post, officially called the president of the European Council, would provide a "face" for the EU in matters of Union policy. The rotating EU presidency, whereby each member country assumes a leadership role for a period of six months, was retained, although its mandate would be narrowed. Another new position that of high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, gathered the EU's two foreign affairs portfolios into a single office, with the goal of creating a more robust and unified European foreign policy. The power of the European Parliament also was enhanced and its number of seats revised. Additionally, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, initially proposed at the Council of Nice in 2000, entered into force as part of the Lisbon Treaty. It spelled out a host of civil, political, economic, and social rights guaranteed to all citizens of the EU.For most of the decisions, 55 percent of member states, provided they represented 65 percent of the EU's population, would be able to approve a measure. This "double majority" voting rule, which represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time. Matters of defence, foreign policy, social security, and taxation require the "double majority (DM)" rule. DM was designed to streamline decision making at the highest levels, and critics argued that it would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.Q. Which of the following views can be correctly attributed to the author's criticism of the double majority rule?a)Double majority rule recognises that the importance of the larger countries would be diminished.b)Double majority rule would reduce the influence of smaller countries at the expense of larger ones.c)Double majority rule represents a simplification of the former system of weighted votes, would be phased in over time.d)Double majority rule extended to more policy areas thereby easing the decision-making process.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CLAT tests.