The function of conservator in a transformer is to take care of the expansion and contraction of transformer oil due to variation of temperature of surroundings.

The conservator is an essential component of a transformer and is designed to maintain the oil level in the main tank during temperature variations. It serves multiple functions that contribute to the efficient and safe operation of the transformer.

1. Expansion and Contraction of Transformer Oil:
The transformer oil used for insulation and cooling has a property of expansion and contraction with temperature variations. As the temperature rises, the oil expands, and as the temperature decreases, the oil contracts. The conservator is designed to accommodate these expansions and contractions by providing sufficient space for the oil to expand and contract without causing any damage to the transformer.

2. Oil Level Maintenance:
The conservator is connected to the main tank of the transformer through a pipe called the oil conservator pipe. This pipe allows the transformer oil to flow freely between the conservator and the main tank. When the oil expands due to high temperatures, it flows from the main tank into the conservator, thus maintaining a constant oil level. Similarly, when the oil contracts due to low temperatures, it flows back from the conservator into the main tank, again maintaining a stable oil level.

3. Breathing Action:
The conservator also acts as a breathing device for the transformer. As the oil expands and contracts, it generates gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. These gases need to be expelled to prevent the pressure build-up inside the transformer. The conservator provides a space for these gases to accumulate and be released through a breather or an oil-air separator. This ensures that the transformer remains at the optimal pressure level for safe and efficient operation.

4. Oil Filtration:
Some transformers also have a filtration system connected to the conservator. This system helps remove any impurities or contaminants present in the oil, ensuring that the oil remains clean and free from any particles that may affect its performance or insulation properties.

In conclusion, the conservator in a transformer plays a crucial role in maintaining a constant oil level, accommodating the expansion and contraction of the oil, allowing for the breathing action of the transformer, and facilitating oil filtration. These functions are essential for the safe and efficient operation of the transformer, ensuring its longevity and reliability.