Delhi becoming the Capital of India
Delhi became the capital of India in 1911. Here is a detailed explanation of the events leading to this important decision:
The British Raj in India
- Before India gained independence, it was under British colonial rule, known as the British Raj.
- The British established their capital in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in the early years of their rule.
- However, as the British consolidated their power and expanded their administration, they felt the need for a more centrally located capital.
The Shift to Delhi
- In 1911, King George V announced the decision to shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi during his visit to India.
- The primary reason for this shift was to symbolize the British control and authority over the entire Indian subcontinent.
- The British architect Edwin Lutyens was entrusted with the task of designing the new capital, known as New Delhi.
- Construction began in 1912, and it took several years to complete.
Delhi as the Capital of Independent India
- After India gained independence from British rule in 1947, Delhi continued to serve as the capital of the newly formed nation.
- The Constituent Assembly of India, which was responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution, held its sessions in Delhi.
- On January 26, 1950, India officially became a republic, and Delhi remained the capital of the Republic of India.
Conclusion
Delhi became the capital of India in 1911, when the decision to shift the capital from Calcutta was made. This move was part of the British Raj's efforts to assert their authority over the Indian subcontinent. After India gained independence in 1947, Delhi continued to serve as the capital, and it remains the capital of the Republic of India to this day.

When did Delhi become the Capital of India?

Delhi became the capital of India in 1911. The decision to shift the capital from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi was announced during the Delhi Durbar held on December 12, 1911.

Reasons for shifting the capital:

- Symbolic Importance: Delhi has a rich historical and cultural significance. It served as the capital for several dynasties and empires throughout history, including the Mughals. The British wanted to establish their authority and leave a lasting legacy by making Delhi the capital.

- Strategic Location: Delhi is centrally located in northern India, making it easily accessible from different parts of the country. It was considered a better location for administrative purposes as it would provide a more efficient governance system.

- Better Infrastructure: The British saw Delhi as a city with potential for growth and development. They envisioned building modern infrastructure, such as government buildings, offices, and residential areas, to establish a well-planned capital.

- Health Reasons: Calcutta, the former capital, was prone to outbreaks of diseases like malaria and cholera. Delhi, on the other hand, was believed to have a more favorable climate and better sanitation conditions.

Impact of the Capital Shift:

- Construction: After the announcement, significant construction work was undertaken to develop the new capital. Iconic buildings like the Secretariat, Parliament House, and the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) were built during this period.

- Urban Planning: British architect Edwin Lutyens was appointed to design the new city of Delhi. He created a master plan that included wide avenues, spacious government buildings, and landscaped gardens, giving Delhi a unique architectural identity.

- Symbolic Importance: The shift of the capital to Delhi reinforced the idea of a united India under British rule. It also contributed to the nationalistic sentiment and aspirations for independence among the Indian population.

In conclusion, Delhi became the capital of India in 1911 due to its historical significance, strategic location, better infrastructure prospects, and health reasons. The decision to shift the capital had a profound impact on the development and identity of Delhi, making it the political and administrative center of the country.