For which of the following, distribution mains is designed?a)Average daily demandb)Annual peak demandc)Monthly peak demandd)Maximum hourly demand on maximum dayCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Understanding Distribution Mains Design
Distribution mains are critical components of water supply systems, designed to deliver water efficiently to consumers. The primary consideration in the design of distribution mains is ensuring they can meet peak demands.
Why Maximum Hourly Demand on Maximum Day?
The correct answer to this question is option 'D' - Maximum hourly demand on maximum day. Here’s why this demand is fundamental in design:
1. Peak Demand Consideration
- Distribution mains must be capable of handling the highest demand that occurs within a day. This is typically observed during peak hours when water usage is at its highest, such as morning or evening.
2. System Reliability
- Designing for maximum hourly demand ensures that the system remains reliable under extreme conditions. If the mains are designed only for average daily or monthly peak demands, they may fail to deliver sufficient water during peak usage times.
3. Avoiding Pressure Loss
- High demand periods can lead to significant pressure drops. By designing for maximum hourly demand, engineers can ensure that pressure remains within acceptable limits, preventing service interruptions.
4. Infrastructure Optimization
- Designing for the maximum hourly demand also helps in optimizing the size and layout of pipes, minimizing costs while ensuring adequate flow and pressure.
Conclusion
In summary, the design of distribution mains is primarily based on the maximum hourly demand on the maximum day. This approach guarantees that the water supply system can accommodate peak usage, ensuring reliability and efficiency in delivering water to consumers.

Answer

Concept:
Design discharge for various components are as follows:

As can be observed in the above figure, the design discharge for the pipe carrying water from distribution reservoir is Q_max hourly i.e. maximum hourly demand on a maximum day.
Pipes from source to water treatment plant is designed for Q_{max daily}.

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