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Who introduced the system of Mahalwari Settlement in Bengal?
  • a)
    Lord Hastings
  • b)
    Lord Cornwallis
  • c)
    Holt Mackenzie
  • d)
    More than one of the above
  • e)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The correct answer is Holt Mackenzie
Land tenure systems 
  • Land revenue was one of the major sources of income for Britishers in India. There were broadly three types of land revenue policies in existence during British rule in India.
  • Before independence, there were three major types of land tenure systems prevailing in the country:
    • The Zamindari System
    • The Mahalwari System
    • The Ryotwari System
  • The basic difference in these systems was regarding the mode of payment of land revenue.
The Mahalwari System
  • By the early 19th century, the Company officials were convinced that the system of revenue had to be changed again.
    • The revenues cannot be fixed permanently at such a time when the Company needed more money to meet its expenses of administration and trade.
  • In 1822, Englishman Holt Mackenzie devised a new system known as the Mahalwari System in the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh).
  • Under the Mahalwari system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers by the village headmen on behalf of the whole village (and not the zamindar).
  • The entire village was converted into one bigger unit called ‘Mahal’ and was treated as one unit for the payment of land revenue.
    • The revenue under the Mahalwari system was to be revised periodically and not fixed permanently.
  • The system was popularised by Lord William Bentick in Agra and Awadh and was later extended to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
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Who introduced the system of Mahalwari Settlement in Bengal?a)Lord Hastingsb)Lord Cornwallisc)Holt Mackenzied)More than one of the abovee)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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