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Which Act provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation and introduced the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy'?
  • a)
    Government of India Act, 1935
  • b)
    Indian Independence Act, 1947
  • c)
    Charter Act of 1853
  • d)
    Government of India Act, 1861
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which Act provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation an...
The correct answer is option A) Government of India Act, 1935.

Explanation:
The Government of India Act, 1935 was a significant constitutional reform enacted by the British Parliament to provide for the establishment of an All-India Federation and to introduce the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy'.

1. Background:
- The Act was passed in response to the increasing demand for self-governance and the need to reform the outdated constitutional structure in India.
- It was an attempt by the British government to devolve some powers to Indians while retaining control over key areas.

2. Provision for an All-India Federation:
- The Act proposed the establishment of an All-India Federation with two major components: British India and the Princely States.
- The federation aimed to bring together the provinces and princely states under a federal government, but this provision was never implemented due to various reasons, including the opposition from princely states.

3. Provincial Autonomy:
- The Act introduced the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy', which granted certain powers to the provinces and allowed them to have their own governments.
- Provincial governments were given control over subjects like education, health, agriculture, and local government.
- They were also given the power to levy and collect taxes, borrow money, and make laws in their respective jurisdictions.
- The Act created bicameral legislatures in the provinces, consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly), to ensure representative governance.

4. Other Key Provisions:
- The Act enlarged the central and provincial legislatures and introduced separate electorates for various communities.
- It provided for the establishment of a Federal Court to serve as the highest court of appeal in India.
- The Act also laid down the principles of responsible government and envisaged the eventual transfer of power to Indians.

In conclusion, the Government of India Act, 1935 provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation, although it was never implemented, and introduced the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy' by granting certain powers to the provinces. This act was a significant step towards self-governance and constitutional reform in India.
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Which Act provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation an...
The Government of India Act, 1935, provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation and introduced the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy.' It also abolished the Dyarchy in the Provinces.
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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. Thats a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But its time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the governments coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this years budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.Q. According to the author, what should the Railways do as regards freight subsidy?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. Thats a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But its time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the governments coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this years budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.Q.Which of the following is true regarding the passenger fare charged by the Railways?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. Thats a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But its time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the governments coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this years budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.Q. Which of the following has the same meaning as the word dip as it has been used in the passage.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. Thats a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But its time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the governments coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this years budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.Q.Which of the following has the same meaning as the words tricky as it has been used in the passage?

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Which Act provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation and introduced the concept of 'Provincial Autonomy'?a)Government of India Act, 1935b)Indian Independence Act, 1947c)Charter Act of 1853d)Government of India Act, 1861Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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