Meluha was the ancient name given to the Indus region by the Mesopotamians, reflecting the interaction and cultural exchanges between different ancient civilizations.

Ancient Name for the Indus Region by the Mesopotamians: Meluha

The correct answer to the question is option 'B' - Meluha. The Mesopotamians, who were the inhabitants of the ancient region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, referred to the Indus region as Meluha. This name was mentioned in various Mesopotamian texts and inscriptions.

Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:

1. The Indus Valley Civilization: The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world. It thrived in the Indus River valley, which is located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

2. Mesopotamians and Trade: The Mesopotamians were highly engaged in trade and had extensive commercial connections with various regions. They had well-established trade routes that connected Mesopotamia with other parts of the ancient world.

3. Mesopotamian Texts and Inscriptions: The Mesopotamians left behind numerous texts and inscriptions that provide insights into their trade networks and interactions with neighboring regions. Some of these texts mention the name Meluha in reference to the Indus region.

4. The Epic of Gilgamesh: One of the famous Mesopotamian texts, the Epic of Gilgamesh, mentions the name Meluha. The epic recounts the adventures of Gilgamesh, a legendary king of Uruk. In the story, Gilgamesh travels to Meluha, which is described as a distant and prosperous land.

5. Trade between Mesopotamia and Meluha: The Mesopotamians had established trade relations with Meluha, which referred to the Indus region. They were particularly interested in the resources and goods produced in Meluha, such as precious metals, textiles, and exotic animals.

6. Indus-Mesopotamia Trade Network: Archaeological evidence suggests that there was an extensive trade network between the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia. Excavations at various Indus sites have revealed artifacts, including seals and pottery, that originated from Mesopotamia.

In conclusion, the Mesopotamians referred to the Indus region as Meluha. This name was mentioned in their texts and inscriptions, highlighting the trade and cultural connections between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilization. The name Meluha provides valuable insights into the ancient trade networks and interactions in the region.