The process of conversion of dead plants material into coal is called carbonization.

Carbonisation

Carbonisation is the conversion of dead trees and other plants into coal. It is a process that occurs over millions of years and involves the transformation of organic matter into a dense, black, carbon-rich substance through a series of chemical and physical changes.

Process of Carbonisation

The process of carbonisation involves the following steps:

1. Formation of Peat: Dead trees, leaves, and other plant material accumulate in wetlands and bogs, where they are slowly decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms. As this material accumulates, it forms a layer of peat, which is a soft, spongy material that is rich in organic matter.

2. Formation of Lignite: Over time, the weight of the overlying sediment and water causes the peat to become compacted and compressed. As this happens, the water is squeezed out of the peat, and the organic matter is transformed into a soft, brown substance called lignite.

3. Formation of Bituminous Coal: With increasing heat and pressure, the lignite is further transformed into a harder, black substance called bituminous coal. This is the most common type of coal found in the world.

4. Formation of Anthracite Coal: At even higher temperatures and pressures, bituminous coal is transformed into a hard, dense, black substance called anthracite coal. This is the highest quality coal and has the highest carbon content.

Uses of Coal

Coal is an important source of energy and is used for a variety of purposes, including:

1. Electricity generation: Coal is burned to produce steam, which is used to generate electricity.

2. Steel production: Coal is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in the production of steel.

3. Cement production: Coal is used as a fuel in the production of cement.

4. Heating: Coal is used as a fuel for heating homes and buildings.

Conclusion

Carbonisation is the process by which dead trees and other plants are converted into coal. It is a slow process that occurs over millions of years and involves the transformation of organic matter into a dense, black, carbon-rich substance through a series of chemical and physical changes. Coal is an important source of energy and is used for a variety of purposes, including electricity generation, steel production, cement production, and heating.

Thousand of years ago in the earth was formed then many dead plant and animals died and get Buried under the soil and due to high pressure and temperature the change into fossil fuel which is coal.So , the process by which dead plants and animals get buried in the soil and due to high pressure and temperature the transform into coal.