In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a humanandrsquo;s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.

Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.

Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.

Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?

a)
The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.
b)
A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.
c)
To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.
d)
Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.

Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the ...

The scientist is trying to make a comparison that the reader will already have experience with, as he is suggesting that the two systems are similar and yet different.

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In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.How would Scientist I respond to Scientist IIs claims that a humans weight disproves the theory that a liver pumps blood?

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Before modern technologies and experiments allowed scientists to understand different organisms mechanisms of reproduction, numerous theories existed about how populations came to exist. Two scientists from the 1800s describe their theories. Here are their arguments.Scientist IJust like some plants come from seeds and others are capable of vegetative (asexual) reproduction, some animal organisms come from non-sexual reproduction as well. Maggots, for example, appear on rotting carcasses. It is clearly illogical to suggest that the dead animal created or gave birth to the maggots, as it is no longer alive and is therefore incapable of sexual reproduction. The only rational conclusion for the appearance of maggots is a spontaneous generation. This is similar to how, if one were to leave a bowl of broth in the open air for a week, it would turn cloudy from bacteria appearing in the liquid.Scientist IIAnimate objects cannot arise from inanimate objects. Even when plants perform asexual reproduction, daughter plants are still coming from parent plants. There is no other example in nature of a living organism spontaneously coming into being. It is true that we observe maggots on rotting carcasses, but that does not necessarily mean that the maggots came from the rotting carcass. Similarly, bacteria growing in broth do not necessarily come directly from the broth. If a living organism appears, then it must have come from another animate object, even if we did not witness it. It is more likely that these invisible organisms have come in through the air and we simply do not see them until they have had a chance to replicate in these locations.Which of the following is a valid summary of Scientist IIs argument against Scientist I?

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Before modern technologies and experiments allowed scientists to understand different organisms mechanisms of reproduction, numerous theories existed about how populations came to exist. Two scientists from the 1800s describe their theories. Here are their arguments.Scientist IJust like some plants come from seeds and others are capable of vegetative (asexual) reproduction, some animal organisms come from non-sexual reproduction as well. Maggots, for example, appear on rotting carcasses. It is clearly illogical to suggest that the dead animal created or gave birth to the maggots, as it is no longer alive and is therefore incapable of sexual reproduction. The only rational conclusion for the appearance of maggots is a spontaneous generation. This is similar to how, if one were to leave a bowl of broth in the open air for a week, it would turn cloudy from bacteria appearing in the liquid.Scientist IIAnimate objects cannot arise from inanimate objects. Even when plants perform asexual reproduction, daughter plants are still coming from parent plants. There is no other example in nature of a living organism spontaneously coming into being. It is true that we observe maggots on rotting carcasses, but that does not necessarily mean that the maggots came from the rotting carcass. Similarly, bacteria growing in broth do not necessarily come directly from the broth. If a living organism appears, then it must have come from another animate object, even if we did not witness it. It is more likely that these invisible organisms have come in through the air and we simply do not see them until they have had a chance to replicate in these locations.Q. An experiment is performed in which a rotting carcass is vacuum sealed. After several weeks, no maggots are observed. The rotting carcass is removed from the vacuum seal, and several days later maggots are observed. Which theory does this best support?

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Before modern technologies and experiments allowed scientists to understand different organisms mechanisms of reproduction, numerous theories existed about how populations came to exist. Two scientists from the 1800s describe their theories. Here are their arguments.Scientist IJust like some plants come from seeds and others are capable of vegetative (asexual) reproduction, some animal organisms come from non-sexual reproduction as well. Maggots, for example, appear on rotting carcasses. It is clearly illogical to suggest that the dead animal created or gave birth to the maggots, as it is no longer alive and is therefore incapable of sexual reproduction. The only rational conclusion for the appearance of maggots is a spontaneous generation. This is similar to how, if one were to leave a bowl of broth in the open air for a week, it would turn cloudy from bacteria appearing in the liquid.Scientist IIAnimate objects cannot arise from inanimate objects. Even when plants perform asexual reproduction, daughter plants are still coming from parent plants. There is no other example in nature of a living organism spontaneously coming into being. It is true that we observe maggots on rotting carcasses, but that does not necessarily mean that the maggots came from the rotting carcass. Similarly, bacteria growing in broth do not necessarily come directly from the broth. If a living organism appears, then it must have come from another animate object, even if we did not witness it. It is more likely that these invisible organisms have come in through the air and we simply do not see them until they have had a chance to replicate in these locations.An experiment is performed in which a bowl of broth containing bacteria is boiled and then left in the open air. After a day, the broth is observed to be cloudy. How might Scientist I explain this result?

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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageIn recent decades, astronomers deduced that there is approximately ﬁve times more material in clusters of galaxies than expected based on visible galaxies and hot gas. Most of the material in these galaxies is, in fact, invisible. Since galaxies are the largest structures in the universe held together by gravity, some scientists concluded that most of the matter in the entire universe is invisible. They called this invisible material dark matter. Two scientists offer theories on whether dark matter exists.Scientist 1Recent studies by researchers at Northeastern University and the University of Victoria may suggest that dark matter—a substance previously considered viable in light of Newton’s theories of gravity—does not actually exist. Dark matter is not readily observable because it does not directly refract light or energy. Its existence could only be deduced because of the perceived gravitational effect that it has on surrounding matter.This new research is based upon Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Although Newtonian physics may provide for the cohesive nature of solar systems, when applied to galaxies the ‘numbers’ do not add up. Because there is not enough visible matter for the various gravitational equations to balance, dark matter was theorized to make up this deﬁcit. Without a source for the rest of the missing matter, there was previously nothing in Newtonian physics to explain the movement or shape of galaxies.In terms of general relativity, a galaxy, seen collectively, has its own gravity and essentially drives its own rotation at a constant rate. Aaron Romanowsky of Harvard University and several colleagues point to the existence of several elliptical-shaped galaxies surrounded by very little dark matter as evidence that dark matter is not, in fact, the cause of the warped galaxies. The results of their studies cast doubt on some of the conventional theories of galaxy formation and manipulation.This theory does not explain everything, such as how large clusters of galaxies are able to bind to one another, but it does allow for already proven equations to explain the motion of galaxies without dark matter.Scientist 2Without dark matter, there are many cosmological phenomena that are difﬁcult to explain. Some scientists believe that the interaction between dark matter and other smaller, nearby galaxies is causing the Milky Way galaxy to take on a warped, elliptical proﬁle. This interaction involves two smaller galaxies (called Magellanic Clouds) near the Milky Way, moving through an enormous amount of dark matter, which in effect enhances the gravitational pull that the two Magellanic Clouds could exert on the Milky Way and other surrounding bodies. Computer models from the University of California at Berkeley seem to support this theory. Without the existence of the dark matter, the Magellanic Clouds would not have sufﬁcient mass to have such a strong effect on the bend of the Milky Way galaxy.The strongest evidence for the validity of this hypothesis rests in Newtonian physics and the hypothesis that anything with mass will exert a gravitational pull. However, there is nothing readily observable in the vicinity of the Milky Way with sufﬁcient mass that could cause such a high level of distortion via gravitational pull.In addition, theoretical arguments for the existence of dark matter can be made by looking at the cosmic microwave background in the universe. This “leftover” light radiation, emitted only a few hundred thousand years after the formation of the universe, provides information about conditions in the universe on a very large scale. Measurements of cosmic microwave radiation imply the existence of dark matter, although even dark matter cannot solve all of the mysteries of the universe.Q.Scientist 2’s position would be most weakened by which of the following observations?

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In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for ACT 2025 is part of ACT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the ACT exam syllabus. Information about In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for ACT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for ACT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for ACT Exam by signing up for free.

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If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice In the 17th century, scientists were just beginning to understand the circulatory system of the heart. The two following viewpoints are the two most popular theories of the day.Scientist I The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins but the two systems are separate. They are similar, just as the senses of smell and taste are when observing food, but ultimately they are two separate systems which perform separate functions. Hot blood flows from the heart, through the arteries, and to the organs which consume the blood much as a human would consume nourishment to survive. Venous blood originates in the liver and follows the veins to the organs where it is similarly consumed.Scientist II The arteries and veins are two parts of one system. Blood flows from the heart, around the body, and back into the heart through the veins like two sets of one way streets. The idea of two systems, each pumping blood to the organs is unreasonable. If the heart can pump 6 oz of blood per minute, then the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood per day. A simple measurement of a human’s weight shows how unlikely that solution is. The single circulatory system is far superior as it explains the function of the heart, the arteries, and the veins clearly.Q. Why does Scientist I compare the arteries and veins to smell and taste?a)The senses of taste and smell are the strongest.b)A person with liver issues will produce blood that tastes and smells different.c)To illustrate another example of systems that are linked but are not the same.d)Because blood has a very distinct odor and taste.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice ACT tests.

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