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Which of the following gases has the maximum percentage in the atmosphere?
  • a)
    Oxygen
  • b)
    Carbon
  • c)
    Nitrogen
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following gases has the maximum percentage in the atmosph...
The gas with the maximum percentage in the atmosphere is nitrogen.
  • It comprises 78.08% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.
  • Nitrogen is an inert gas, which means that it does not react easily with other substances.
  • It is essential for plant growth, as it is the main component of the atmosphere that plants use for photosynthesis.
The second most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen.
  • It comprises 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.
  • Oxygen is essential for life, as it is the gas that humans and other animals breathe.
  • It is also used in combustion reactions, such as burning wood or gasoline.
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In its refined form, iron is a shiny, silver-gray metal; however, when refined iron is exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time, its surface becomes flaky, pitted, and red- or orange-colored. This process is known as "rusting," and the new flaky, orange or red substance is called "rust."Below, two scientists discuss how rust forms and the composition of rust.Scientist 1:Both water and oxygen are needed for rust to form. Water is an electrolyte, meaning that it allows ions to move within it. When iron comes into contact with water, some iron naturally dissociates into iron ions (Fe2+) and free electrons. Additionally, when atmospheric oxygen (O2) dissolves in water, some oxygen reacts with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). Because water allows ions to move freely, iron ions and hydroxide ions combine to form a new compound: iron hydroxide. However, iron hydroxide is not a stable compound. Over time, as water evaporates, it changes into a hydrated form of iron oxide. This is rust.Salts can act as catalysts for rust formation, meaning that they speed up the rate at which rust forms. However, rust can form in pure water, in the absence of added salts.Increasing the ambient temperature increases the rate of rust formation. Additionally, increasing the amount of irons surface area that is exposed to water also increases the rate at which rust forms. However, because a layer of rust is porous to water and oxygen, water and oxygen will continue to cause the interior of a piece of iron to rust even after the irons surface has been rusted.Scientist 2:Attack by acids causes rust to form. In water, acids ionize to create positively-charged hydronium (H+) ions and negatively-charged anions. Hydronium ions are electron-deficient; because of this, they attract electrons from iron. This creates iron ions (Fe2+), which are soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, iron ions react with dissolved atmospheric oxygen (O2) to create iron oxide, or rust.Acids can come from a variety of sources. For example, when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created. Carbonic acid is the most common cause of rusting. However, other environmental sources of acids exist. Rainwater is normally slightly acidic because it has come into contact with molecules in the atmosphere, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These molecules also dissolve in water to form acids. Additionally, iron itself may contain impurities such as phosphorous and sulfur, which react with water to produce acids. Both acidic environments and impurities within iron itself create the conditions under which iron rusts.Rusting can be prevented by painting the surface of iron, thus preventing it from coming into contact with water, oxygen, and acids. Iron can also be protected in a process called "galvanizing," which involves coating iron in a thin layer of zinc. Because zinc is more reactive than iron, it is corroded while the iron is protected.Q. Given that all of the following are true, which of the following, if found, provides the strongest evidence against Scientist 1s hypothesis?

Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageTurf grasses are used throughout the United States in many suburban lawns. Kentucky bluegrass is the most common type of turf grass used in the northern part of the United States. To keep lawns green and healthy, many homeowners apply fertilizer up to five times a year. Inorganic fertilizers are becoming more popular, and contain three common elements – nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium – for the development of plant color, strength, and health. Most turf grass lawns do not use all of the nutrients provided in the fertilizer, which means that much of the nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium remains in the soil. When water enters the soil, it accumulates a portion of the excess nitrogen from the soil. This water, now termed leachate, flows into surrounding waterways. The leaching of high concentrations of nitrogen into natural waterways can throw off the environmental equilibrium of the aquatic ecosystem, often resulting in an increase in plant growth that can have a negative impact on the native fish populations.A study was performed to examine the degree of nitrogen leaching in Kentucky bluegrass turf; 2 one-acre plots of turf were compared. The scientists conducting the study relied completely on natural rainwater to irrigate the test plots. Each plot received fertilizer applications containing different levels of nitrogen two times per week during the months of April and September for 5 years. The plots had a 5% slope to facilitate leaching; leachate was collected in one-liter jugs. The leachate collected from each plot was measured for nitrogen concentration.Plot A, received a low nitrogen application, 98 kilograms of N per acre from 2000 to 2004. Plot B, received an initially high nitrogen application, 245 kilograms of N per acre from 2000–2002. In the last year of the study, the amount of nitrogen in the fertilizer was decreased to 196 kilograms of N per acre for Plot B. Table 1 shows the average nitrogen concentration in milligrams per liter (mg/L) in the leachate collected from each plot during each year. Figure 1 shows the percent concentration of nitrogen in the leachate.Q.In 2005, it was found that average nitrogen levels in the leachate from Plot B were 8.2 mg/L. The data from the study supports which of the following conclusions?

In its refined form, iron is a shiny, silver-gray metal; however, when refined iron is exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time, its surface becomes flaky, pitted, and red- or orange-colored. This process is known as "rusting," and the new flaky, orange or red substance is called "rust."Below, two scientists discuss how rust forms and the composition of rust.Scientist 1:Both water and oxygen are needed for rust to form. Water is an electrolyte, meaning that it allows ions to move within it. When iron comes into contact with water, some iron naturally dissociates into iron ions (Fe2+) and free electrons. Additionally, when atmospheric oxygen (O2) dissolves in water, some oxygen reacts with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). Because water allows ions to move freely, iron ions and hydroxide ions combine to form a new compound: iron hydroxide. However, iron hydroxide is not a stable compound. Over time, as water evaporates, it changes into a hydrated form of iron oxide. This is rust.Salts can act as catalysts for rust formation, meaning that they speed up the rate at which rust forms. However, rust can form in pure water, in the absence of added salts.Increasing the ambient temperature increases the rate of rust formation. Additionally, increasing the amount of irons surface area that is exposed to water also increases the rate at which rust forms. However, because a layer of rust is porous to water and oxygen, water and oxygen will continue to cause the interior of a piece of iron to rust even after the irons surface has been rusted.Scientist 2:Attack by acids causes rust to form. In water, acids ionize to create positively-charged hydronium (H+) ions and negatively-charged anions. Hydronium ions are electron-deficient; because of this, they attract electrons from iron. This creates iron ions (Fe2+), which are soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, iron ions react with dissolved atmospheric oxygen (O2) to create iron oxide, or rust.Acids can come from a variety of sources. For example, when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created. Carbonic acid is the most common cause of rusting. However, other environmental sources of acids exist. Rainwater is normally slightly acidic because it has come into contact with molecules in the atmosphere, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These molecules also dissolve in water to form acids. Additionally, iron itself may contain impurities such as phosphorous and sulfur, which react with water to produce acids. Both acidic environments and impurities within iron itself create the conditions under which iron rusts.Rusting can be prevented by painting the surface of iron, thus preventing it from coming into contact with water, oxygen, and acids. Iron can also be protected in a process called "galvanizing," which involves coating iron in a thin layer of zinc. Because zinc is more reactive than iron, it is corroded while the iron is protected.Boiling water does not contain dissolved oxygen. Suppose that a new piece of iron is immersed in boiling water for an extended period of time. Afterwards, scientists observe that the iron has rusted. How would this affect the arguments of Scientist 1 and Scientist 2?

In its refined form, iron is a shiny, silver-gray metal; however, when refined iron is exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time, its surface becomes flaky, pitted, and red- or orange-colored. This process is known as "rusting," and the new flaky, orange or red substance is called "rust."Below, two scientists discuss how rust forms and the composition of rust.Scientist 1:Both water and oxygen are needed for rust to form. Water is an electrolyte, meaning that it allows ions to move within it. When iron comes into contact with water, some iron naturally dissociates into iron ions (Fe2+) and free electrons. Additionally, when atmospheric oxygen (O2) dissolves in water, some oxygen reacts with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). Because water allows ions to move freely, iron ions and hydroxide ions combine to form a new compound: iron hydroxide. However, iron hydroxide is not a stable compound. Over time, as water evaporates, it changes into a hydrated form of iron oxide. This is rust.Salts can act as catalysts for rust formation, meaning that they speed up the rate at which rust forms. However, rust can form in pure water, in the absence of added salts.Increasing the ambient temperature increases the rate of rust formation. Additionally, increasing the amount of irons surface area that is exposed to water also increases the rate at which rust forms. However, because a layer of rust is porous to water and oxygen, water and oxygen will continue to cause the interior of a piece of iron to rust even after the irons surface has been rusted.Scientist 2:Attack by acids causes rust to form. In water, acids ionize to create positively-charged hydronium (H+) ions and negatively-charged anions. Hydronium ions are electron-deficient; because of this, they attract electrons from iron. This creates iron ions (Fe2+), which are soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, iron ions react with dissolved atmospheric oxygen (O2) to create iron oxide, or rust.Acids can come from a variety of sources. For example, when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created. Carbonic acid is the most common cause of rusting. However, other environmental sources of acids exist. Rainwater is normally slightly acidic because it has come into contact with molecules in the atmosphere, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These molecules also dissolve in water to form acids. Additionally, iron itself may contain impurities such as phosphorous and sulfur, which react with water to produce acids. Both acidic environments and impurities within iron itself create the conditions under which iron rusts.Rusting can be prevented by painting the surface of iron, thus preventing it from coming into contact with water, oxygen, and acids. Iron can also be protected in a process called "galvanizing," which involves coating iron in a thin layer of zinc. Because zinc is more reactive than iron, it is corroded while the iron is protected.Q. Lye (sodium hydroxid e) is a base that neutralizes acids. Suppose that lye is added to water in which an iron pipe has been immersed. According to Scientist 2, the pipes rate of rusting will most likely __________.

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Which of the following gases has the maximum percentage in the atmosphere?a)Oxygenb)Carbonc)Nitrogend)More than one of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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