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During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in Peru, many soldiers fell sick. It was found that the sickness was due to low partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at that altitude. To determine the reason, blood was collected from those patients. The circulating erythropoietin (EPO) level were estimated and the O2-dissociation curve of haemoglobin were drawn and compared with the same in native people as depicted below.

Which one of the following combinations is logically correct?
  • a)
    P and R
  • b)
    P and S
  • c)
    Q and R
  • d)
    Q and S
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in...
Concept:
  • Humans are highly aerobic organisms consuming oxygen per metabolic demand.
  •  In aerobic respiration, oxygen and pyruvate produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), producing energy for the whole body.
  •  To maintain homeostasis, there needs to be a gradient of pressure within the tissues that pushes oxygen by diffusion from the membranes into the tissues.
  •  Many factors influence the amount of dissolved oxygen present within the cells and tissues one of them is  higher altitude
 
At higher altitude the oxygen saturation capacity of haemoglobin increases as a consequent of adaptation and can be observed  as left shift in the graph below
 
Explanation:
Graph 1: Partial Oxygen pressure v/s haemoglobin saturation​

  • At higher altitudes, the air becomes thinner and the amount of breathable oxygen decreases.
  • The lower barometric pressures of high altitudes lead to a lower partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli, or air sacs in the lungs, which in turn decreases the amount of oxygen absorbed from the alveoli by red blood cells for transport to the body’s tissues.
  • The resulting insufficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood supply causes the characteristic symptoms of altitude sickness.
  • Also elevated erythropoietin (EPO) production in hypoxia is a key factor in the achievement of enhanced hematological variables.
  • The level of the EPO increase and acceleration of erythropoiesis depend on the duration of exposure and degree of hypoxia.
Thus it is evident that natives of higher altitudes will have more EPO than patient and also a left shift in standard curve as compared to patient.
 
hence the correct answer is option 1
i.e. P and R
                         
 
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During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in Peru, many soldiers fell sick. It was found that the sickness was due to low partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at that altitude. To determine the reason, blood was collected from those patients. The circulating erythropoietin (EPO) level were estimated and the O2-dissociation curve of haemoglobin were drawn and compared with the same in native people as depicted below. Which one of the following combinations is logically correct?a)P and Rb)P and Sc)Q and Rd)Q and SCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in Peru, many soldiers fell sick. It was found that the sickness was due to low partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at that altitude. To determine the reason, blood was collected from those patients. The circulating erythropoietin (EPO) level were estimated and the O2-dissociation curve of haemoglobin were drawn and compared with the same in native people as depicted below. Which one of the following combinations is logically correct?a)P and Rb)P and Sc)Q and Rd)Q and SCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in Peru, many soldiers fell sick. It was found that the sickness was due to low partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at that altitude. To determine the reason, blood was collected from those patients. The circulating erythropoietin (EPO) level were estimated and the O2-dissociation curve of haemoglobin were drawn and compared with the same in native people as depicted below. Which one of the following combinations is logically correct?a)P and Rb)P and Sc)Q and Rd)Q and SCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire at the high altitude in Peru, many soldiers fell sick. It was found that the sickness was due to low partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at that altitude. To determine the reason, blood was collected from those patients. The circulating erythropoietin (EPO) level were estimated and the O2-dissociation curve of haemoglobin were drawn and compared with the same in native people as depicted below. Which one of the following combinations is logically correct?a)P and Rb)P and Sc)Q and Rd)Q and SCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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