Thorndike
The principle of 'Trial and error' is propounded by Edward Thorndike, an American psychologist who conducted pioneering research on animal behavior. This principle suggests that learning occurs through a process of trying different methods or solutions until the desired outcome is achieved.

Explanation
- Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes led him to develop the theory of trial and error learning.
- He observed that cats would try various actions to escape the box, and eventually, through repeated trials, they would learn the correct sequence of actions that led to freedom.
- Thorndike's research laid the foundation for the study of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior.
- According to Thorndike, behavior that is followed by a satisfying outcome is more likely to be repeated in the future, while behavior followed by an unsatisfying outcome is less likely to occur again.
- The principle of trial and error learning is not limited to animals; it also applies to human learning and problem-solving.

Significance
- Understanding the principle of trial and error can help educators design effective learning experiences that encourage students to explore different strategies and learn from their mistakes.
- By providing opportunities for trial and error, teachers can foster a growth mindset in students, where they see mistakes as opportunities for learning and improvement.
- Incorporating the principle of trial and error into instructional design can enhance student engagement and motivation, leading to better learning outcomes.