Introduction:
Over the years, birth rate and death rate in India have gone through significant changes. The birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 individuals in a population, while the death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population. The given question states that the birth rate in India has fallen, while the death rate has also fallen.

Explanation:
1. Birth Rate:
The birth rate in India has fallen over the years due to various factors:
- Changes in societal norms: There has been a gradual shift in societal norms and cultural practices. Previously, it was common for families to have many children, as they were seen as a source of labor and security in old age. However, with changing times, people are opting for smaller families for various reasons such as better education and career opportunities for their children, urbanization, and increased awareness about family planning methods.
- Increased access to contraception: The availability and accessibility of contraception methods have improved over the years. Government initiatives and awareness campaigns have played a crucial role in educating people about family planning methods and making contraceptives easily available. This has enabled individuals to make informed choices about family planning and control the number of children they have.
- Economic factors: Economic development and improved living standards have also contributed to the decline in birth rate. As people experience better living conditions, increased access to education, and improved healthcare facilities, they tend to prioritize quality over quantity when it comes to raising children. The cost of raising children has also increased, leading to a preference for smaller families.

2. Death Rate:
The death rate in India has also fallen over the years due to various reasons:
- Improved healthcare: The advancements in medical technology and healthcare infrastructure have led to a significant reduction in mortality rates. Access to better healthcare facilities, improved immunization programs, and increased awareness about hygiene and sanitation practices have contributed to a decline in deaths caused by preventable diseases.
- Decrease in infant mortality: Efforts focused on reducing infant mortality rates have been successful. Improved prenatal care, immunization programs, and better access to healthcare for pregnant women have significantly reduced the number of infant deaths.
- Increased life expectancy: With better healthcare facilities and improved living conditions, the life expectancy of individuals has increased. This means that people are living longer and are less prone to premature deaths.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the birth rate in India has fallen due to changes in societal norms, increased access to contraception, and economic factors. On the other hand, the death rate has also fallen due to improved healthcare, a decrease in infant mortality, and increased life expectancy. These changes in birth and death rates have important implications for the population dynamics and socio-economic development of India.