Consider the following statements: The Congress saw the Simon Commission as a violation of the principle of self-determination and an insult to self-respect. The anti-Simon Commission Movement immediately lead to a wider political struggle. After the Nehru Report, communalism began to grow in India.How many of the above statements is/are correct?a)Only oneb)Only twoc)All threed)NoneCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Consider the following statements:

The Congress saw the Simon Commission as a violation of the principle of self-determination and an insult to self-respect.
The anti-Simon Commission Movement immediately lead to a wider political struggle.
After the Nehru Report, communalism began to grow in India.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

a)
Only one
b)
Only two
c)
All three
d)
None

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Consider the following statements: The Congress saw the Simon Commissi...

The catalyst to the new phase of the movement was provided when, in November, 1927, the British Government appointed the Indian Statutory Commission, known popularly after the name of its Chairman, as the Simon Commission, to go into the question of further constitutional reform. All the members of the Commission were Englishmen. This announcement was greeted by a chorus of protests from all Indians. What angered them most was the exclusion of the Indians from the Commission and the basic notion behind this exclusion that the foreigners would discuss and decide upon India‘s fitness for self-government. In other words, this British action was seen as a violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians.
At its Madras Session in 1927, presided over by Dr. Ansari, the National Congress decided to boycott the Commission ―at every stage and in every form‖. The Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha decided to support the Congress‘s decision. In fact, the Simon Commission united, at least temporarily, different groups and parties in the country.
As a gesture of solidarity with the nationalists, the Muslim League even accepted the principle of joint electorates, provided seats were reserved for the Muslims. All important Indian leaders and parties also tried to meet the challenge of the Simon Commission by getting together and trying to evolve an alternative scheme of constitutional reforms. Tens of conferences and joint meetings of leading political workers were held. The end result was the Nehru Report, named after its chief architect, Motilal Nehru, and finalized in August, 1928. Unfortunately, the All Party Convention, held at Calcutta in December, 1928, failed to pass the Report. Objections were raised by some of the communal-minded leaders belonging to the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Sikh League. Thus, the prospects of national unity were foiled by the communal groups. Communalism began to grow steadily after this.
It should also be noted that there existed a basic difference between the politics of the nationalists and the politics of the communalists. The nationalists carried on a political struggle against the alien government to win political rights and freedom for the country. This was not the case with the communalists, Hindu or Muslim. Their demands were made on the nationalists; on the other hand, they usually looked to the foreign government for support and favours. They frequently struggled against the Congress and cooperated with the government.
The Commission‘s arrival in India led to a powerful protest movement in which nationalist enthusiasm and unity reached new heights. On 3rd February, the day the Commission reached Bombay, an allIndia hartal was organized. Wherever the Commission went, it was greeted with hartals and black-flag demonstrations under the sloganSimon Go Back‘. The government used brutal suppression and police attacks to break the popular opposition.
The anti-Simon Commission Movement did not immediately lead to wider political struggle, because Gandhi, the unquestioned, though undeclared leader of the national movement, was not yet convinced that the time for struggle had come. But popular enthusiasm could not be held back for long, as the country was, once again, in a mood of struggle.

Answered by Yashina Kapoor · View profile

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Consider the following statements: The Congress saw the Simon Commission as a violation of the principle of self-determination and an insult to self-respect. The anti-Simon Commission Movement immediately lead to a wider political struggle. After the Nehru Report, communalism began to grow in India.How many of the above statements is/are correct?a)Only oneb)Only twoc)All threed)NoneCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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