Valleys
Glaciers carve out deep hollows called valleys. Valleys are long, narrow depressions in the Earth's surface, typically between ranges of hills or mountains. Glaciers move slowly over time, eroding the land beneath them through a process called glacial erosion. This erosion can create valleys of various shapes and sizes, depending on the characteristics of the glacier and the surrounding landscape.

Formation of Valleys by Glaciers
- Glaciers are large masses of ice that flow downhill due to gravity.
- As glaciers move, they pick up rocks and debris, acting like giant bulldozers that carve out the land.
- The weight and pressure of the ice cause the glacier to erode the underlying rock and soil, creating deep hollows known as valleys.
- The process of glacial erosion includes plucking, abrasion, and freeze-thaw action, which work together to shape the landscape.

Types of Valleys
- U-shaped valleys: Glaciers typically create U-shaped valleys with steep, straight sides and a flat bottom.
- Hanging valleys: These are smaller valleys that join larger valleys at a higher elevation.
- Trough valleys: Glaciers may carve out trough valleys with a flat bottom and steep sides.

Importance of Valleys
- Valleys created by glaciers are important features of the landscape, providing habitats for various plant and animal species.
- They also serve as natural drainage channels, allowing water from melting glaciers to flow downstream.
- Valleys are often scenic locations, attracting tourists and outdoor enthusiasts who appreciate the beauty of these geological formations.