Rules for changing Direct speech to indirect speech
To change direct speech to indirect speech, follow these rules:

Rule 1: Reporting verb changes
In indirect speech, the reporting verb changes according to the context of the sentence. For example, "said" can be changed to "told" or "mentioned" depending on the situation.

Rule 2: Pronoun changes
Pronouns in direct speech need to be changed in indirect speech to reflect the perspective of the speaker. For instance, "I" changes to "he/she," "we" changes to "they," and so on.

Rule 3: Verb tense changes
The verb tenses in indirect speech are often shifted back one tense from the original direct speech. For example, present simple becomes past simple, present continuous becomes past continuous, etc.

Rule 4: Time and place changes
Time and place expressions in direct speech may need to be adjusted in indirect speech to match the context of the reported speech. This can involve changing words like "here" to "there" or "now" to "then."

Rule 5: Punctuation changes
Punctuation marks such as quotation marks and commas are adjusted when converting direct speech to indirect speech. Quotation marks are removed, and appropriate punctuation is added for clarity.
By following these rules and practicing converting direct speech to indirect speech, you can effectively convey someone else's words without directly quoting them.