Composition of Carbon:
Carbon mainly consists of carbon atoms, which are the smallest unit of carbon. These atoms are arranged in a unique structure that gives carbon its characteristic properties.

Structure of Carbon Atoms:
- Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons in their nucleus, giving them an atomic number of 6.
- They also have 6 electrons, arranged in 2 electron shells. The first shell contains 2 electrons, while the second shell contains 4 electrons.

Types of Carbon:
- Carbon can exist in different forms, known as allotropes. The most common allotropes of carbon are diamond, graphite, and fullerenes.
- Diamond consists of carbon atoms arranged in a rigid, three-dimensional structure, making it one of the hardest materials known.
- Graphite has a layered structure, with carbon atoms arranged in sheets that can easily slide over each other. This gives graphite its lubricating properties.
- Fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon, shaped like hollow spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes. They have unique properties that make them useful in various applications.

Chemical Properties of Carbon:
- Carbon is known for its ability to form strong covalent bonds with other elements, allowing it to form a wide variety of compounds.
- It can bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains, branched structures, or rings, giving rise to the diverse world of organic chemistry.
- Carbon compounds are essential for life, as they form the building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids.
In conclusion, carbon mainly consists of carbon atoms, which have unique properties that allow them to form different structures and compounds essential for life and various applications.