Who among the following proposed the Social Contract theory? a)Lockeb)Thomas Painec)Montesquieud)RousseauCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Three Enlightenment thinkers are usually credited with establishing a standard view of social contract theory: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. They each had different interpretations of social contracts, but the underlying idea was similar.

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Rousseau In his book Social Contact He describe that there is an Contact with govt and people.

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Social Contract theory was proposed by Rousseau.Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought.

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Montesqueie

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D

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The Social Contract Theory by Rousseau

Introduction:
The Social Contract theory is a political philosophy that explores the origin and purpose of the state and the relationship between the government and its citizens. This theory proposes that individuals agree to enter into a social contract, surrendering some of their rights and freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by the state. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a prominent philosopher of the 18th century, is widely recognized as the proponent of the Social Contract theory.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
Rousseau was a Swiss-French philosopher, writer, and composer. He is considered one of the Enlightenment thinkers who greatly influenced political and social thought during that era. Rousseau's work, 'The Social Contract' (1762), provides a comprehensive explanation of his theory and its implications for society.

The Social Contract:
Rousseau argues that in the state of nature, humans are free and equal, but their lives are also marked by insecurity and constant conflict. To escape this state, individuals form a social contract with one another, establishing a legitimate government to protect their rights and promote the common good. According to Rousseau, the social contract is not between individuals and the government, but among individuals themselves. It represents the collective agreement of the citizens to establish a political community.

Key Points of the Social Contract Theory:
1. Consent: The social contract is based on the voluntary consent of individuals to form a political society. This consent can be expressed through direct participation or indirectly through representatives.
2. General Will: Rousseau introduces the concept of the 'general will,' which represents the common interests and desires of the citizens. The government should act according to the general will to ensure the well-being of the society as a whole.
3. Popular Sovereignty: The power of the government comes from the people, who retain the ultimate sovereignty. The government exists to serve the people and should be accountable to them.
4. Equality: The social contract establishes equality among citizens, where everyone is subject to the same laws and regulations. This promotes fairness and justice within society.

Conclusion:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is credited with proposing the Social Contract theory, which has had a profound impact on political philosophy. His ideas have influenced the development of democratic principles and the understanding of the relationship between individuals and the state. Rousseau's emphasis on consent, general will, popular sovereignty, and equality continues to shape discussions on governance and the rights of citizens.

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Rousseau is regarded as the architect of the French Revolution. He gave the slogan 'Man was born free , yet he is everywhere in chains '. In the famous book, 'The Social Contract ', he proved that government was the result of a social contract between the people on the one hand , and rulers on the other.

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