Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle is a crucial process in nature that involves the movement of nitrogen through the environment. It consists of several key steps that are essential for the functioning of ecosystems.

Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into a form that plants can use. This is mainly done by certain bacteria and lightning strikes.
- These nitrogen-fixing bacteria can be found in the roots of certain plants, such as legumes, forming a symbiotic relationship.

Nitrification
- Nitrification is the conversion of ammonium (NH4+) into nitrites (NO2-) and then into nitrates (NO3-) by nitrifying bacteria.
- This step makes nitrogen available for plants to absorb and use for growth.

Assimilation
- Assimilation is the process by which plants and animals take up nitrates and incorporate them into their tissues.
- This allows nitrogen to be passed through the food chain as organisms consume each other.

Ammonification
- Ammonification is the breakdown of organic matter by decomposers, resulting in the release of ammonia (NH3) back into the soil.
- This ammonia can then be used by plants or converted back into nitrates through nitrification.

Denitrification
- Denitrification is the final step in the nitrogen cycle, where nitrates are converted back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.
- This process returns nitrogen to the atmosphere, completing the cycle.
Understanding the nitrogen cycle is essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and sustainable agriculture practices.