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Explain the function of neuron with diagram?
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Explain the function of neuron with diagram?


Function of Neuron

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical impulses. They play a crucial role in communication between different parts of the body. Here is a detailed explanation of the function of a neuron:

1. Reception of Signals

  • Neurons receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors in response to stimuli.
  • These signals can be excitatory (stimulating) or inhibitory (inhibiting).


2. Integration of Signals

  • Neurons integrate incoming signals to determine whether to fire an action potential.
  • This process involves summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals.


3. Generation of Action Potential

  • If the integrated signals reach a certain threshold, the neuron fires an action potential.
  • This involves a rapid change in membrane potential, leading to the transmission of electrical impulses.


4. Transmission of Signals

  • Once an action potential is generated, it travels along the axon of the neuron.
  • It is propagated by the opening and closing of ion channels.


5. Release of Neurotransmitters

  • When the action potential reaches the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse.
  • These chemical messengers transmit the signal to the next neuron or effector cell.


6. Communication with Target Cells

  • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the target cell, triggering a response.
  • This response can be excitatory or inhibitory, influencing the activity of the target cell.


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