Process of Differentiation
Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function. It involves the activation and deactivation of specific genes that determine the cell's fate. Here is a detailed explanation of the process:

1. Stem Cell Division
- The process of differentiation begins with the division of stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types.
- As the stem cells divide, they give rise to daughter cells that have the ability to become different types of cells.

2. Gene Expression
- During differentiation, specific genes are turned on or off in response to signals from the cell's environment.
- The expression of these genes determines the cell's specialization and function.

3. Cell Signaling
- Cell signaling plays a crucial role in directing the differentiation process. It involves the communication between cells through signaling molecules.
- These signals help to regulate gene expression and guide the cells towards their specific fate.

4. Morphological Changes
- As cells differentiate, they undergo morphological changes to acquire their specialized structures and functions.
- These changes may include alterations in cell shape, size, and organelle distribution.

5. Maintenance of Cell Identity
- Once a cell has differentiated into a specific type, it must maintain its identity through the regulation of gene expression.
- This ensures that the cell continues to perform its specialized functions.

Contrast from NCERT Book
The NCERT book may provide a more simplified explanation of the differentiation process, focusing on key concepts and examples to help students understand the fundamental principles. It may also include diagrams and illustrations to aid in visualizing the process.