Overview of Muhammad bin Tughlaq's Reign
Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1325 to 1351. His reign is marked by ambitious policies and significant challenges.

Administrative Experiments
- **Currency Experiment:**
- Introduced token currency made of brass and copper to replace silver.
- Aimed to increase trade but led to rampant counterfeiting and economic instability.
- **Shift of Capital:**
- Moved the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (in 1327) to control southern territories.
- The relocation caused hardship for inhabitants and was eventually reversed.
- **Taxation Policies:**
- Imposed heavy taxes on agriculture, leading to widespread discontent.
- Attempted to create a fair revenue system, but it backfired during famine years.

Military Campaigns
- **Expansionist Policies:**
- Launched military campaigns in South India to expand the empire.
- Many campaigns were unsuccessful, leading to loss of resources and morale.
- **Administrative Challenges:**
- Faced difficulties in managing the vast empire with diverse cultures and languages.
- Struggled to maintain law and order due to inefficient bureaucracy.

Legacy
- **Innovative Yet Ineffective:**
- His policies were innovative but often poorly implemented.
- Many reforms were ahead of their time but led to chaos rather than progress.
- **Impact on Society:**
- His reign caused social unrest and economic decline.
- Ultimately, he is remembered for his visionary ideas overshadowed by failures.
In conclusion, Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign was characterized by bold administrative experiments that, despite their potential, often resulted in chaos and discontent within the empire.