What were the "external" frontiers of the Sultanate?a)Areas within Del...
The correct answer is option c because:-
The second phase of expansion occurred along the “external frontier” of the Sultanate. Military expeditions into southern India started during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and culminated with Muhammad Tughluq. Sultanate armies captured elephants, horses, and slaves and carried away precious metals during these campaigns.
By the end of Muhammad Tughluq’s reign, 150 years after the somewhat humble beginnings, the armies of the Delhi Sultanate had marched across a large part of the subcontinent, defeated rival armies, and seized cities. The Sultanate collected taxes from the peasantry and dispensed justice in its realm.
What were the "external" frontiers of the Sultanate?a)Areas within Del...
Understanding the External Frontiers of the Sultanate
The term "external frontiers" refers to the borders and territories that lie outside the core regions of the Sultanate, specifically areas that were involved in military campaigns or conquests.
Military Campaigns into Southern India
- The Sultanate, particularly during the 13th to 16th centuries, focused on expanding its influence beyond its northern territories.
- Southern India was a region rich in resources and strategic importance, making it a prime target for military campaigns.
Reasons for Expansion
- Economic Gains: Southern India was known for its wealth, agriculture, and trade routes. Controlling these areas would enhance the Sultanate's economic strength.
- Cultural Influence: The rich cultural and political landscape of Southern India offered the Sultanate an opportunity to spread its influence and integrate diverse cultures.
Key Campaigns
- The Sultanate launched several military expeditions into regions like the Deccan Plateau and further south, facing established kingdoms such as the Cholas and the Pandyas.
- These campaigns were not just military in nature but also aimed at establishing administrative control over newly acquired territories.
Conclusion
- The external frontiers of the Sultanate were primarily defined by its military endeavors into Southern India, which represented the expansionist policies of the rulers aiming to secure and consolidate power beyond their original territories.
- Thus, option 'C' correctly identifies the external frontiers as lands that were actively pursued through military campaigns, marking a significant aspect of the Sultanate's history.
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