Introduction
The Earth is composed of three main layers, each with distinct characteristics and functions. These layers are the Crust, Mantle, and Core.
1. Crust
- The outermost layer of the Earth.
- It is thin compared to the other layers, varying in thickness from about 5 km under oceans to up to 70 km under mountains.
- The crust consists of solid rock and is divided into two types:
- Continental Crust: Thicker and made up of lighter rocks like granite.
- Oceanic Crust: Thinner and composed of denser rocks like basalt.
- This layer is where we live and contains all landforms, oceans, and ecosystems.
2. Mantle
- Located beneath the crust, the mantle is the thickest layer, extending about 2,900 km below the surface.
- Composed of semi-solid rock that can flow slowly over time, which allows for tectonic movements.
- The mantle is divided into the upper mantle (which is partially molten) and the lower mantle (which is more rigid).
- It plays a crucial role in the movement of tectonic plates and the occurrence of volcanic activity.
3. Core
- The innermost layer of the Earth, consisting of two parts: the outer core and the inner core.
- The outer core is liquid and composed mainly of iron and nickel, generating the Earth's magnetic field through its movement.
- The inner core is solid and extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to 5,700 °C (about the temperature of the sun’s surface).
- The core’s composition and heat contribute to geological processes like convection currents in the mantle.
Conclusion
Understanding these three layers helps us comprehend Earth's structure and the dynamic processes that shape our planet.