Power and Function of President of India
The President of India serves as the ceremonial head of state and holds significant powers within the Indian political system. Below are the key functions and powers attributed to the President.
1. Executive Powers
- The President appoints the Prime Minister and, on their advice, appoints other ministers.
- They have the authority to appoint governors for states.
- The President can appoint various constitutional authorities such as the Attorney General, Comptroller and Auditor General, and others.
2. Legislative Powers
- The President summons and prorogues Parliament sessions and can dissolve the Lok Sabha.
- They give assent to bills, which is necessary for a bill to become law.
- The President can also return a bill for reconsideration, except for money bills.
3. Judicial Powers
- The President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment under Article 72 of the Constitution.
- They can also appoint judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts.
4. Diplomatic Powers
- The President represents India in international forums and affairs.
- They have the authority to ratify international treaties and agreements.
5. Military Powers
- The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
- They can declare war or conclude peace, subject to parliamentary approval.
6. Emergency Powers
- In times of national emergency, the President can assume greater powers, which include the ability to legislate by ordinance.
In summary, the President of India plays a crucial role in the functioning of the government, balancing ceremonial duties with important constitutional responsibilities.