Types of Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions can be categorized into several main types, each with distinct characteristics:
1. Synthesis Reaction
- Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
- General Formula: A + B → AB
- Example: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
2. Decomposition Reaction
- A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
- General Formula: AB → A + B
- Example: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
3. Single Displacement Reaction
- An element displaces another element in a compound.
- General Formula: A + BC → AC + B
- Example: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
4. Double Displacement Reaction
- The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution.
- General Formula: AB + CD → AD + CB
- Example: AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
5. Combustion Reaction
- A substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light or heat.
- General Formula: Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
- Example: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
Understanding Bases
Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate electron pairs in chemical reactions. They have specific properties:
1. Characteristics of Bases
- Taste bitter (e.g., baking soda).
- Feel slippery (e.g., soap).
- Turn red litmus paper blue.
- React with acids to form salt and water.
2. Common Bases and Their Formulas
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
- Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
- Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH)
These reactions and bases play a crucial role in various chemical processes and everyday applications. Understanding them is fundamental in the study of chemistry!