Rousseau was a French philosopher who lived during the 18th century. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period. His ideas had a significant impact on various fields including philosophy, politics, literature, and education.

Early Life and Education
Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, in Geneva, Switzerland. His mother died shortly after his birth, and his father, a watchmaker, abandoned him at the age of 10. He was raised by his aunt and uncle and received a basic education. Rousseau's love for reading led him to become a self-taught individual, and he developed a deep interest in philosophy and literature.

Philosophical Ideas
Rousseau's philosophical ideas centered around the concept of the social contract and the importance of individual freedom. He believed that society and its institutions corrupted the natural goodness of human beings. According to Rousseau, individuals are born free, but society imposes restrictions on their freedom. He argued that the state should be based on the general will of its citizens and that laws should be made by the people themselves. Rousseau's ideas on the social contract greatly influenced the French Revolution and the development of modern political thought.

Major Works
Rousseau's most famous works include "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences" (1750), "Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men" (1755), and "The Social Contract" (1762). In these works, he critiqued the corrupting influence of society on human nature and advocated for a more egalitarian and just society.

Legacy
Rousseau's ideas had a lasting impact on the development of political and social thought. His emphasis on individual freedom and the importance of the general will influenced the development of democratic systems and the concept of human rights. Rousseau's ideas also had a significant influence on the Romantic movement in literature and music.

In conclusion, Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher who played a crucial role in shaping political and social thought during the Enlightenment. His ideas on the social contract and individual freedom continue to be highly regarded and influential.