Negative Hall voltage indicates the type of charge carriers

Explanation:
When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow in a semiconductor material, a voltage is developed across the sample. This phenomenon is known as the Hall effect. The Hall voltage can be positive or negative, depending on the type of charge carriers (electrons or holes) present in the material.

Negative Hall voltage:
If the Hall voltage is negative, it indicates that the majority charge carriers in the semiconductor material are electrons. This means that in the presence of a magnetic field, the electrons experience a force that causes them to accumulate on one side of the material, creating a voltage difference. Therefore, the semiconductor material in this case is an N-type semiconductor.

Explanation of options:
a) P-type semiconductor: A P-type semiconductor has majority charge carriers as holes. If the Hall voltage is negative, it means that the majority charge carriers are electrons, not holes. Therefore, option (a) is incorrect.

b) N-type semiconductor: A N-type semiconductor has majority charge carriers as electrons. If the Hall voltage is negative, it indicates that the majority charge carriers are electrons. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

c) Intrinsic semiconductor: An intrinsic semiconductor is a pure semiconductor material with an equal number of electrons and holes. In this case, the Hall voltage can be positive or negative, depending on the type of impurities present in the material. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.

d) All of the above: Option (d) is incorrect because the Hall voltage being negative only indicates that the semiconductor material is an N-type semiconductor, not any of the other options.

Therefore, the correct answer is option (b) - N-type semiconductor.