Green revolution, great increase in production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent.

Green Revolution:

The Green Revolution refers to a series of agricultural innovations and practices that significantly increased agricultural production and crop yields in developing countries during the mid-20th century. It was a global initiative aimed at alleviating hunger and poverty by improving agricultural productivity. The revolution primarily focused on the production of staple crops such as wheat, rice, and maize.

Key Features of the Green Revolution:

1. High-yielding varieties of crops: The Green Revolution introduced new varieties of crops that had higher yields, disease resistance, and shorter growing cycles. These varieties were developed through cross-breeding and genetic modification, resulting in increased agricultural productivity.

2. Use of modern agricultural techniques: The Green Revolution promoted the use of modern agricultural techniques such as mechanization, irrigation, and the application of fertilizers and pesticides. These techniques helped maximize crop yields and minimize losses caused by pests and diseases.

3. Expansion of irrigation: The Green Revolution emphasized the expansion and improvement of irrigation systems. Irrigation allowed farmers to grow crops in areas where water was scarce and increased the frequency of crop cycles, leading to increased productivity.

4. Intensive use of fertilizers: The Green Revolution advocated for the extensive use of chemical fertilizers to replenish soil nutrients and enhance crop growth. Fertilizers provided plants with essential nutrients, resulting in improved crop yields.

5. Introduction of agrochemicals: The Green Revolution promoted the use of pesticides and herbicides to control pests and weeds, respectively. These agrochemicals protected crops from damage and competition, further increasing agricultural productivity.

Impact of the Green Revolution:

1. Increased food production: The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in global food production, particularly in developing countries. It helped meet the growing demand for food and reduced the risk of famine.

2. Improved livelihoods: By boosting agricultural productivity, the Green Revolution improved the livelihoods of farmers. Increased crop yields resulted in higher incomes and reduced poverty levels in many rural areas.

3. Food security: The Green Revolution played a crucial role in enhancing food security by increasing the availability and accessibility of food. It helped reduce dependency on food imports and stabilized food prices.

4. Environmental concerns: Although the Green Revolution had numerous benefits, it also raised environmental concerns. The intensive use of agrochemicals and water resources led to pollution and ecological imbalances. Additionally, the focus on high-yielding varieties of crops led to a loss of genetic diversity.

Overall, the Green Revolution had a profound impact on agriculture and food production globally. It significantly increased crop yields, improved food security, and uplifted the livelihoods of many farmers. However, it also highlighted the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices to ensure long-term food security.